A laser electromagnetic pulse hybrid welding method and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid welding method and hybrid welding equipment for laser electromagnetic pulse. The method can be used for laser seam welding and laser spot welding technology, a pulsed high magnetic field is applied to a welding region during the process of laser welding on a workpiece with the effect of laser beams so as to mutually react with an induced plasma, a welding pool and a stress strain field through welding and complete welding task. The equipment comprises a laser device, an electromagnetic pulse generator, a numerical control system, an optical transmission system and a laser electromagnetic pulse combined machining head. The combined machining head is used for integrating the laser beams with the pulsed high magnetic field and adjusting the distance between an electromagnetic conversion device and the workpiece; the combined machining head is arranged on a machine tool. The structural deformation can be reduced, the welding quality and machining efficiency are improved, and insurmountable technical problems when a metallic material structure is manufactured through existing single welding technology are solved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to welding technology, in particular to a laser electromagnetic pulse composite welding method and equipment, especially suitable for laser electromagnetic pulse composite spot welding and seam welding of metal material thin-walled structures. Background technique [0002] Welding is an important processing method for structural parts of metal materials, and it is widely used in manufacturing fields such as vehicles, aerospace, ships, buildings, bridges, and pressure vessels. Laser welding technology is a method of welding by using laser with high energy density characteristics as a heat source to heat and melt workpieces. It has fast welding speed, small deformation, good joint quality, small heat-affected zone, and is suitable for various metal materials. It is easy to implement A series of advantages of automation, among which laser seam welding and laser spot welding processes have become a hot spot in the development of advan...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Although the heat input and thermal influence of laser welding are much smaller than the traditional resistance welding and arc welding processes, as a fusion welding process, its biggest problem is that the thermal deformation caused by heat input still exists, which still seriously affects the assembly accuracy of components in many cases. and the overall performance of the structure, especially the fatigue performance

Secondly, when laser welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and other metal materials, the laser pinholes will be unstable during the welding process due to the low absorption rate of the material itself and the existence of alloy elements with low melting point and high boiling point. , in some cases there are problems of too fast solidification and high temperature evaporation of alloying elements

These problems lead to metallurgical defects such as pores, cracks, and poor forming in welded joints, which seriously affect the mechanical properties of joints.

Studies that have been carried out have shown that under single laser welding conditions, it is difficult to effectively control whether it is welding thermal deformation or metallurgical defects of light-weight welded laser joints

Moreover, these adverse effects are more pronounced in laser continuous seam welding because of the continuous build-up of heat and the dynamic movement of the laser pinhole

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