A method for improving the efficiency of sexual hybridization of sweet potato

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency of sexual hybridization of sweet potatoes, comprising the following steps: A. building a hybridization shed outdoors, and setting an automatic opening and closing sunshade mechanism on the hybridization shed; Fill the soil, and apply chemical fertilizers with a nitrogen content ≥ 20.5%, and water to create moisture; C, prepare the parent varieties used for hybridization, plant them in the hybridization pond, and the distance between two adjacent rows of potato seedlings is 0.8-1.0m, and the distance between each row of potato seedlings At intervals of 20-30cm, conduct short-day induction treatment to enter the full flowering stage; D. After entering the full flowering stage, extend the light time for 0.3-1h, use artificial or insect vectors for pollination, and use hormones to smear the outside of the pollinated ovary ; E. Harvest the seeds after the seeds are mature and the flower stalks are completely dry. The present invention controls the details of each step scientifically, adopts a hybridization method without grafting, breaks technical prejudice, and greatly improves the success rate of hybridization.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and relates to a method for sweet potato hybridization, in particular to a method for improving the efficiency of sexual hybridization of sweet potato. Background technique [0002] Sexual hybridization is one of the important ways to breed new sweet potato varieties. Sweet potatoes are short-day root crops. In the temperate zone, due to the long sunshine period during reproductive growth, most varieties need to induce flowering of sweet potato by grafting non-caking root relatives and short-day treatment. But most sweet potato varieties cannot flower under natural conditions in the central and northern provinces of our country. Conventional hybridization is generally carried out in Hainan, Sanya and other places in the south, or in the north using a darkroom to induce flowering of sweet potatoes for hybridization. For breeders in the north, breeding in the south is not only inconvenient...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

For breeders in the north, breeding in the south is not only inconvenient to operate, but also increases the cost of breeding. If the conventional sweet potato hybridization method in the north is to use the sweet potato variety to be hybridized as a scion, the big morning glory, Japanese morning glory , Yingluo, etc. as rootstocks were grafted by split grafting. After the grafting survived, they were moved into hybrid pots. By moving the hybrid pots between the darkroom and outdoors, the sunshine time was controlled, and the 8h short-day photoperiod treatment was carried out. The workload of moving out is large, and the grafting operation has the following disadvantages: (1) before the hybridization, it is necessary to select no swollen roots and a plant with good grafting affinity with sweet potato as the grafting stock, so it is necessary to cultivate the stock in advance as the grafting, Time-consuming and labor-intensive, increase the link before hybridization, and rootstocks with poor compatibility will cause grafting failure; (2) Sweet potato grafting has certain technicalities, and if the operation is improper, the growth of sweet potato resource materials will stagnate or even dry up after being grafted onto the rootstock Death, wasting a lot of manpower and financial resources, affecting the survival rate of sweet potatoes, there is a certain risk; (3) It takes a certain amount of time, about 10-15 days, to extend the entire hybridization after the varieties that need to be hybridized are grafted on the rootstock until they survive. Process time; (4) need to consider the florescence of hybrid species when hybridizing, therefore may need to carry out multiple grafting to different varieties, more loaded down with trivial details; Need to consider rootstock in addition to the sensitivity of light, the rootstock of poor sensitivity may make the sweet potato as scion not flowering, or delayed flowering

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