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Compositions and methods for determining likelihood of twinning

a technology of probability and composition, applied in the field of animal genetics and improvements in cattle breeding, can solve the problems of low success rate, wide confidence interval, and economic loss to the dairy industry of around $110

Inactive Publication Date: 2010-07-22
WISCONSIN ALUMNI RES FOUND
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes a collection of polynucleotides that are associated with the twinning trait in cattle. These polynucleotides are complementary to sequences in the bovine genome and can be used to estimate the likelihood of twinning in individual animals. The collection includes polynucleotides that map to specific regions on chromosome 5 and are also complementary to sequences in the genome for insulin-like growth factor 1, synapsin III, collagen type X alpha-1, and other proteins. The method involves using the collection of polynucleotides to determine the presence or absence of complementary sequences in the genome of a cow, which can then be used to estimate the breeding value or predict the likelihood of twinning. The invention provides a valuable tool for breeding value estimation and predicting twinning in cattle.

Problems solved by technology

It has been estimated that economic loss to the dairy industry is around $110 / cow due to lost revenue and increased costs from producing twin calves instead of singles (Beerepoot et al.
A drawback of linkage mapping is that confidence intervals remain broad (Andersson & Georges 2004).
In many reports throughout the literature, analyses have attempted to refine the locations of QTL using additional markers or larger datasets; however, this has been accomplished with minimal success.

Method used

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  • Compositions and methods for determining likelihood of twinning
  • Compositions and methods for determining likelihood of twinning
  • Compositions and methods for determining likelihood of twinning

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0121]Single marker association with twinning rate was tested across the entire genome in the North American Holstein population. The results of the single marker association tests were also compared with the results of QTL analysis from linkage mapping and linkage disequilibrium mapping.

[0122]The number of SNPs required for a genome-wide scan using association tests and linkage combined with linkage disequilibrium (LLD) were estimated based on the linkage disequilibrium pattern observed in the North American Holstein population.

Materials and Methods:

[0123]All animals used in this study were registered Holstein bulls from the United States and Canada. The sons used were from 19 paternal-half sib families and were chosen for having twinning rate predicted transmitting ability (PTA, Johanson et al. 2001) of high accuracy and values in the upper and lower tails for the distribution within family if there were more than approximately 3.0 sons in a family. Mean and median number of daugh...

example 2

[0140]In Example 1, a genome-wide search with a moderate density 10K marker set identified many marker associations with twinning rate either through single marker analysis or combined linkage-linkage disequilibrium (haplotype) analysis. The objective of the study described in this example was to validate putative marker associations using an independent set of phenotypic data.

Materials and Methods:

[0141]Experimental outline: A general layout of the study is diagramed in FIG. 4. Briefly, the current study expands on the original set forth in the previous example, but with additional sires being genotyped in the phenotypic dataset (Data I) collected from 1994 to 1998. Genotyping was also performed in an additional dataset comprised of records collected from 1999 to 2006 (Data II). Animals in Data II had minimal overlap with the animals in the original Data I. Single marker and LLD analyses were performed on Data I and Data II. Additional data subsequently became available for sires i...

example 3

[0170]The objectives of the study reported in this example were 1) to refine the location of the twinning or ovulation rate QTL on Bos taurus chromosome 5 (BTA5) as previously reported, by using a denser set of markers and a larger population along with a combined linkage-linkage disequilibrium analysis, 2) to test for evidence in the Holstein population of the QTL previously reported, and 3) to examine positional candidate genes.

Materials and Methods:

[0171]Animal resources: All animals used in this study were registered Holstein bulls from the United States and Canada. Twenty-five half-sib families were selected for use. Sires of the half-sib families had above average twinning rate values, as well as a moderate to large number of sons for which twinning rate predicted transmitting ability (PTA) had been calculated. A total of 358 bulls, including sires, with an average of 1,021 daughters per bull were genotyped. Two separate estimates of twinning rate predicted transmitting abilit...

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Abstract

Collections of polynucleotides useful for estimating breeding value or detecting likelihood of twinning are disclosed. The polynucleotides are used to detect genomic sequences quantitatively associated with the twinning trait. Also disclosed are methods and kits for using the collections to estimate breeding value or predict likelihood of twinning.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 100,697, filed Sep. 26, 2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.GOVERNMENT RIGHTS[0002]Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §202 (c), it is acknowledged that the United States Government may have certain rights in any invention described herein, which was made in part with funds from the United States Department of Agriculture—National Research Initiative Grant No. 2005-35205-15556 and CREES Grant No. 08-CRHR-6055.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]The invention described herein relates generally to animal genetics and improvements in cattle breeding. More particularly, it relates to compositions and methods for predicting the likelihood of twinning in cattle.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]The trait of twinning rate has been shown to possess economic value to the dairy industry. The negative effects of increased twinning rate include increased d...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C12Q1/68C07H21/00G16B20/20G16B20/40
CPCC12Q1/6883C12Q2600/156G16B20/00C12Q2600/172C12Q2600/124G16B20/20G16B20/40
Inventor KIRKPATRICK, BRIAN WAYNEKIM, EUI-SOOBIERMAN, CHAD D.
Owner WISCONSIN ALUMNI RES FOUND