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Antimicrobial compositions and methods of use

a technology of compositions and antimicrobials, applied in the field of antimicrobial compositions and methods of use, can solve the problems of human infection, animal anthrax infection still represents a significant problem, rapid onset of pulmonary form, etc., and achieve the effect of safe ingested human consumption, morbidity and mortality, and reducing infectivity

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-04-21
BAKER JR JAMES R +3
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Human clinical syndromes include a pulmonary form that has a rapid onset and is frequently fatal.
However, animal anthrax infection still represents a significant problem due to the difficulty in decontamination of land and farms.
In addition, there is concern about human infection brought about by warfare and / or terrorist activities.
While an anthrax vaccine is available (See e.g., Ivins et al., Vaccine 13:1779 ) and can be used for the prevention of classic anthrax, genetic mixing of different strains of the organism can render the vaccine ineffective (See e.g., Mobley, Military Med. 160:547 ).
An organism infected with an antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria faces serious and potentially life-threatening consequences.
Although an invaluable advance, antibiotic and antimicrobial therapy suffers from several problems, particularly when strains of various bacteria appear that are resistant to antibiotics.
In addition, disinfectants / biocides (e.g., sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde and phenols) that are highly effective against Bacillus spores, are not well suited for decontamination of the environment, equipment, or casualties.
This is due to toxicity that leads to tissue necrosis and severe pulmonary injury following inhalation of volatile fumes.
The corrosive nature of these compounds also renders them unsuitable for decontamination of sensitive equipment (See e.g., Alasri et al., Can. J. Micro. 39:52 ; Beauchamp et al., Crit. Rev. Tox. 22:143 ; Hess et al., Amer. J. dent.
Current anti-viral compounds and neuraminidase inhibitors are minimally effective and viral resistance is common.

Method used

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  • Antimicrobial compositions and methods of use
  • Antimicrobial compositions and methods of use
  • Antimicrobial compositions and methods of use

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Methods of Formulating Emulsions

[0233]The emulsion is produced as follows: an oil phase is made by blending organic solvent, oil, and surfactant and then heating the resulting mixture at 37-90° C. for up to one hour. The emulsion is formed either with a reciprocating syringe instrumentation or Silverson high sheer mixer. The water phase is added to the oil phase and mixed for 1-30 minutes, preferably for 5 minutes. For emulsions containing volatile ingredients, the volatile ingredients are added along with the aqueous phase.

[0234]In a particular embodiment, the emulsion was formed as follows: an oil phase was made by blending tri-butyl phosphate, soybean oil, and a surfactant (e.g., TRITON X-100) and then heating the resulting mixture at 86° C. for one hour. An emulsion was then produced by injecting water into the oil phase at a volume / volume ratio of one part oil phase to four parts water. The emulsion can be produced manually, with reciprocating syringe instrumentation, or with b...

example 2

Characterization of an Exemplary Bacteria-Inactivating Emulsion of the Present Invention as an Emulsified Liposome Formed in Lipid Droplets

[0237]A bacteria inactivating emulsion of the present invention, designated X8W60PC, was formed by mixing a lipid-containing oil-in-water emulsion with BCTP. In particular, a lipid-containing oil-in-water emulsion having glycerol monooleate (GMO) as the primary lipid and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a positive charge producing agent (referred to herein as GMO / CPC lipid emulsion or “W808P”) and BCTP were mixed in a 1:1 (volume to volume) ratio. U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,677 (herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), describes the GMO / CPC lipid emulsion and other related lipid emulsions that may be combined with BCTP to provide the bacteria-inactivating oil-in-water emulsions of the present invention.

example 3

[0238]In Vitro Bactericidal Efficacy Study I

Gram Positive Bacteria

[0239]In order to study the bactericidal efficacy of the emulsions of the present invention, the emulsions were mixed with various bacteria for 10 minutes and then plated on standard microbiological media at varying dilutions. Colony counts were then compared to untreated cultures to determine the percent of bacteria killed by the treatment. Table 3 summarizes the results of the experiment.

TABLE 3InoculumEmulsionOrganism(CFU)% KillingTestedVibrio cholerae classical1.3 × 108100BCTPVibrio cholerae Eltor5.1 × 108100BCTPVibtio parahemolytica4.0 × 10798-100BCTP

[0240]In order to study the bactericidal effect of the emulsions of the present invention on various vegetative forms of Bacillus species, an emulsion at three dilutions was mixed with four Bacillus species for 10 minutes and then plated on microbiological medium. Colony counts were then compared with untreated cultures to determine the percent of bacteria killed by ...

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for decreasing the infectivity, morbidity, and rate of mortality associated with a variety of pathogenic organisms and viruses. The present invention also relates to methods and compositions for decontaminating areas colonized or otherwise infected by pathogenic organisms and viruses. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods and compositions for decreasing the infectivity of pathogenic organisms in foodstuffs. In particular, decreased pathogenic organism infectivity, morbidity, and mortality is accomplished by contacting the pathogenic organism with an oil-in-water nanoemulsion comprising an oil, an organic solvent, and a surfactant dispersed in an aqueous phase.

Description

[0001]The following application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09 / 561,111, filed Apr. 28, 2000, which is a Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09 / 474,866, filed Dec. 30, 1999, each of which claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 60 / 131,638, filed Apr. 28, 1999. Each of these applications in hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.[0002]This invention was made in part during work partially supported by the U.S. government under DARPA grant No. MDA972-97-1-0007. The government has certain rights in the invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]The present invention relates to compositions and methods for decreasing the infectivity, morbidity, and rate of mortality associated with a variety of pathogens. The present invention also relates to methods and compositions for decontaminating areas, samples, solutions, and foodstuffs colonized or otherwise infected by pathogens and microorganisms.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]Pathogens such...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K9/107A61K31/4425A61K31/14A61P31/00A61K45/06
CPCA61K45/06A61K9/1075A61P31/00
Inventor BAKER, JR., JAMES R.HAMOUDA, TAREKSHIH, AMYMYC, ANDRZEJ
Owner BAKER JR JAMES R