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Two-party quantum key negotiation protocol based on three-particle GHZ state

A quantum key agreement, three-particle technology, applied in the field of two-party quantum key agreement protocol, can solve problems such as low qubit efficiency, inability to resist Trojan horse attacks and delayed photon Trojan horse attacks, and achieve unconditional secure and confidential communication, high quantum The effect of bit efficiency

Active Publication Date: 2016-04-13
XIAN UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM
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  • Abstract
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AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The disadvantage of this protocol is: since the protocol is a Ping-Pong protocol, that is, the same particle is transmitted back and forth in the quantum channel, the protocol cannot resist the invisible photon eavesdropping (IPE) Trojan attack and delay photon Trojan attack
The disadvantage of this protocol is: the qubit efficiency of this protocol is too low, its qubit efficiency is only 10%

Method used

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  • Two-party quantum key negotiation protocol based on three-particle GHZ state
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  • Two-party quantum key negotiation protocol based on three-particle GHZ state

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Embodiment Construction

[0026] 1. Preliminary knowledge

[0027] As we all know, {|0>,|1>} forms the Z basis, and {|+>,|->} forms the X basis, where The four Bell states are defined as follows:

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] They form a set of completely orthonormal basis of the four-dimensional Hilbert space. The GHZ state is a maximally entangled state of three particles, which form a set of completely orthogonal basis of the eight-dimensional Hilbert space. In the protocol of the present invention, we use the following GHZ state as the quantum information source, namely

[0031]

[0032] According to the expression, if for the GHZ state |η> ABC Particles A and B perform Bell measurements, and particle C performs X-based measurements, then the system collapses to the state |φ with probability 1 / 2 + > AB |+> C and |φ - > AB |-> C .

[0033] 2. Quantum key agreement protocol of the present invention

[0034] The two-party quantum key agreement protocol based on the three-particle GHZ...

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a two-party quantum key negotiation protocol based on a three-particle GHZ state, comprising the following steps: step 1: Alice and Bob negotiate codes of quantum states; step 2: Alice prepares n+q GHZ states and divides all the particles into sequences; Alice sends a sequence SC to Bob; step 3: Bob selects and measures q sample particle(s); Alice selects measurement bases to measure corresponding particles; Bob calculates an error rate; and if the error rate is low, step 4 is performed, otherwise step 2 is performed; step 4: Alice performs a Bell measurement on two particles with the same sequence number in the sequences; Bob performs X-base measurement on the particles in the sequences; and Alice and Bob respectively obtain the same shared key according to measurement results and the codes of the quantum states. According to the present invention, the two-party quantum key negotiation protocol can resist existing participant attacks and external attacks as well as Trojan horse attacks, is safe in noiseless quantum channels and quantum noise channels, and can achieve a relatively high quantum bit efficiency.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of quantum communication, and in particular relates to a quantum key agreement (Quantum key agreement) protocol, in particular to a two-party quantum key agreement agreement based on a three-particle GHZ state. Background technique [0002] Quantum cryptography is a new technology for communication and network security, and its security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike traditional cryptography, which is mostly computationally secure, quantum cryptography can achieve unconditional security, which has attracted a lot of attention. The quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol is a new important branch of quantum cryptography, which allows participants to negotiate a classical shared secret key through an open quantum channel, and the contribution of each participant is the same, any participant None or a subset of participants can independently determine the shared secret. Using the shared...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H04L9/08
CPCH04L9/0852
Inventor 何业锋侯红霞
Owner XIAN UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM
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