Two-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Four-Particle GHz State

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-party quantum key agreement protocol based on the four-particle GHZ state: Step 1: Alice and Bob randomly generate their own classical keys and negotiate functions; Step 2: Alice selects n four-particle GHZs and divides them Sequence, randomly insert decoy photons into three sequences and send them to Bob; Step 3: Bob measures the decoy photons; Alice calculates the error rate; Step 4: Alice performs two CNOT operations on every three corresponding particles with the same serial number in the sequence; Step 5 : Alice performs unitary transformation to obtain a new sequence, selects the decoy photon insertion sequence and sends it to Bob; Step 6: Bob measures the decoy photon; Alice compares the measurement results to calculate the error rate; if the error rate is low, go to step 7; otherwise, return to step 2; 7: Alice generates a shared key; Step 8: Bob generates a shared key. The present invention can resist existing participant attacks and external attacks. At the same time, qubit efficiency is much higher than existing protocols.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of quantum communication, and in particular relates to a quantum key agreement (Quantum key agreement) protocol, in particular to a two-party quantum key agreement agreement based on a four-particle GHZ state. Background technique [0002] Quantum cryptography is a new technology for communication and network security, and its security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike traditional cryptography, which is mostly computationally secure, quantum cryptography can achieve unconditional security, which has attracted a lot of attention. The quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol is a new important branch of quantum cryptography, which allows participants to negotiate a classical shared secret key through an open quantum channel, and the contribution of each participant is the same, any participant None or a subset of participants can independently determine the shared secret. Using the shared ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The disadvantage of this protocol is: since the protocol is a Ping-Pong protocol, that is, the same particle is transmitted back and forth in the quantum channel, the protocol cannot resist the invisible photon eavesdropping (IPE) Trojan attack and delay photon Trojan attack

The disadvantage of this protocol is: the qubit efficiency of this protocol is too low, its qubit efficiency is only 10%

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