The invention discloses a device and method for detecting high-speed optical communication transmitting equipment, and belongs to the optical transmitting equipment and signal detection technology inthe optical communication field. The device comprises a high-speed photoelectric detector unit, a low-speed analog-to-digital converter unit, an equalization filtering processing unit, a software synchronous processing unit, and a display unit. The method comprises the following steps: 1, outputting a modulated optical transmitting signal through the optical transmitting equipment; 2, converting the optical transmitting signal output by the optical transmitting equipment into a baseband analog electric signal; 3, sampling the baseband analog electric signal to obtain a discrete digital sequence; 4, performing the digital equalization filtering processing to obtain an equalization digital sequence; 5, performing the chirp Z-conversion software synchronous treatment to obtain equivalent synchronization time of the equalization digital sequence; and 6, performing eye pattern reconstruction and display on the equalization digital sequence, comparing with the preset eye pattern template tojudge whether the optical transmitting equipment is qualified. Through the device and method disclosed by the invention, the realization difficulty and cost are effectively reduced; the small and portable analyzer can be developed so as to satisfy the demands of quickly and conveniently checking the products.