The invention discloses a reentry vehicle trajectory optimization method based on a variable-centroid rolling control mode. The reentry vehicle trajectory optimization method based on the variable-centroid rolling control mode is used for solving the technical problem that the robustness of an existing reentry vehicle trajectory control method is poor. According to the technical scheme, by establishing a one-dimensional variable-centroid rolling control reentry vehicle mathematical model, a one-dimensional variable-centroid rolling control reentry vehicle trajectory optimization model is established, and the one-dimensional variable-centroid rolling control reentry vehicle trajectory optimization model is solved. According to the method, all kinds of constraints in the reentry process of a reentry vehicle are taken into consideration, by introducing control constraints and one-dimensional variable-centroid control ability constraints, the one-dimensional variable-centroid rolling control reentry vehicle trajectory optimization model with a guidance system matched with a control system is established, meanwhile, the trajectory optimization model is solved through a simulated annealing algorithm, and thus the local convergence defect of a classic optimization method is overcome, a nominal trajectory suitable for the one-dimensional variable-centroid rolling control mode is acquired while process constraint and boundary constraint conditions are met, and the robustness of the guidance and control systems is improved.