Two-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Four-Particle χ State
A quantum key agreement and four-particle technology, applied in the field of two-party quantum key agreement agreement, can solve the problems of low qubit efficiency, inability to resist Trojan horse attacks and delayed photon Trojan horse attacks, etc., and achieve the effect of high qubit efficiency
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[0023] 1. Preliminary knowledge
[0024] As we all know, {|0>,|1>} forms the Z basis, and {|+>,|->} forms the X basis, where The four Bell states are defined as follows:
[0025]
[0026]
[0027] They form a set of completely orthogonal basis of four-dimensional Hilbert space, namely Bell basis. The χ state is the maximum entangled state of four particles, and they can form a set of completely orthogonal basis of 16-dimensional Hilbert space. In the protocol of the present invention, we use the following χ state as the quantum information source, namely
[0028]
[0029] According to the expression, if for the χ state |χ 00 > ABCD Bell measurements are performed on particles A and B, and on particles C and D basis measurement, the system collapses to the state |φ with probability 1 / 4 + > AB |00> CD ,|ψ - > AB |01> CD ,|ψ + > AB |10>CD and |φ - > AB |11> CD .
[0030] 2. The two-party quantum key agreement protocol based on the four-particle χ sta...
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