Efficient sweet cherry fence type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient sweet cherry fence type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology. According to the technical scheme, fence type cultivation is utilized. The method comprisesthe steps of large seedling cultivation and transplanting before grafting, trunk grafting and cultivation of lateral branches after grafting. According to structural indexes of trees obtained after symbiotic cultivation, the height of the trees is 2.5-3.0 m, the vertical section of each trunk is 40-50 cm high, the horizontal section of each trunk is 1.8-2.3 m long, 8-12 back branches grow on eachtrunk, the back branch spacing of each trunk is 10-15 cm, the length of the back branches on each trunk is smaller than 2.0 m, the diameter of base parts of the back branches on each trunk is smallerthan 4 cm, and the effect fruit and branch proportion is 98%. The invention further discloses application of the technology in the field of cherry grafting and cultivation field. The problem that in atraditional fence type cultivation technology, back branches of cherries are not balanced in growth is solved, seedling planting is completed within two years, and the technology has the advantages that the number of layers of tree structures is small, growth is balanced, the back branches are strong, the yield is high, harvesting is early, the cherry variety is good, and mechanical harvesting isfacilitated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grafting and cultivation of fruit trees, in particular to a hedge-wall type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology of sweet cherry and its application. Background technique [0002] Sweet cherry is one of the earliest mature tree species among deciduous fruit trees in the temperate zone, and is known as "the first branch of spring fruit". Its fruit is bright in color, exquisite in shape, delicious in shape, rich in nutrition, and has high medical and health care value. [0003] Sweet cherries have been commercially planted in 67 countries, and six characteristic grafting cultivation areas have been formed, including North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the sweet cherry grafted cultivation area in the world was more than 400,000 hectares, with an output o...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] Sweet cherry grows vigorously, and at present, arborization rootstocks are mostly used in cultivation, and the main tree shapes are spindle-shaped with strong central dryness, small crowns with sparse layers, or other small crowns between these tree shapes. Branches, multiple side branches, multiple levels, and large and complicated structure levels cause most of the nutrients in the tree to be dissipated in the growth of new shoots and branches, and because there are many secondary branches, the tree shape takes a long time to build and the early yield is low; second, This kind of tree pattern of sweet cherry trees is upright and vigorous, closed, with low light energy interception rate and unstable tree potential. Even if dwarf rootstocks are used, the tree body is still over 3m high, the crown diameter of cherry trees is 3-4m, and the vegetative growth is too vigorous 1. Excessive nutrient consumption, unclear master-slave relationship, too many peripheral branches, inner chamber branches are prone to stagnation, emaciation, death, baldness, rapid outward movement of fruiting parts, reduced yield, and reduced quality; third, conventional grafting During the cultivation process, the planting row spacing is relatively large, and management and harvest operations such as pruning and shaping are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Fourth, in the traditional hedgerow cultivation process, it is difficult to control the growth of the main branches near the base of the main trunk, which is extremely difficult. The vegetative growth of the main branch at the base is too thick and excessive, and it is easy to form elongated branches. The growth of the front branches of the main trunk is prone to be too weak, and the phenomenon of premature aging is obvious, which will eventually affect the fruit yield and quality.

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