Efficient sweet cherry fence type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient sweet cherry fence type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology. According to the technical scheme, fence type cultivation is utilized. The method comprisesthe steps of large seedling cultivation and transplanting before grafting, trunk grafting and cultivation of lateral branches after grafting. According to structural indexes of trees obtained after symbiotic cultivation, the height of the trees is 2.5-3.0 m, the vertical section of each trunk is 40-50 cm high, the horizontal section of each trunk is 1.8-2.3 m long, 8-12 back branches grow on eachtrunk, the back branch spacing of each trunk is 10-15 cm, the length of the back branches on each trunk is smaller than 2.0 m, the diameter of base parts of the back branches on each trunk is smallerthan 4 cm, and the effect fruit and branch proportion is 98%. The invention further discloses application of the technology in the field of cherry grafting and cultivation field. The problem that in atraditional fence type cultivation technology, back branches of cherries are not balanced in growth is solved, seedling planting is completed within two years, and the technology has the advantages that the number of layers of tree structures is small, growth is balanced, the back branches are strong, the yield is high, harvesting is early, the cherry variety is good, and mechanical harvesting isfacilitated.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grafting and cultivation of fruit trees, in particular to a hedge-wall type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology of sweet cherry and its application. Background technique

[0002] Sweet cherry is one of the earliest mature tree species among deciduous fruit trees in the temperate zone, and is known as "the first branch of spring fruit". Its fruit is bright in color, exquisite in shape, delicious in shape, rich in nutrition, and has high medical and health care value.

[0003] Sweet cherries have been commercially planted in 67 countries, and six characteristic grafting cultivation areas have been formed, including North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the sweet cherry grafted cultivation area in the world was more than 400,000 hectares, with an output o...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0034] Tree construction before grafting:

[0035] Such as figure 2 As shown, the construction of the tree before grafting is mainly divided into the following steps:

[0036] 1. Excavate sweet cherry planting ditch: In the orchard, according to the spacing of 300cm, manually or mechanically excavate a planting ditch with a width of 80cm and a depth of 40cm, and then open a drainage ditch with a width of 25cm and a depth of 15-20cm in the center of the bottom of the planting ditch.

[0037] 2. Lay spacers: Cover the bottom of the planting ditch and the two side walls with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm, and the upper part of the plastic film covering the two side walls extends to cover the ground with a width of 10 cm.

[0038]3. Laying drainage pipes: Arrange drainage pipes with an outer diameter of less than 15cm in the drainage ditch at the bottom of the planting ditch, with 0.5mm holes distributed at intervals of 10cm. The drainage pipes are located abov...

Embodiment 2

[0046] Grafting of main branches and cultivation of side branches after grafting:

[0047] Schematic diagram of main branch grafting figure 1 , as shown in 3, wait until the second spring after the sweet cherry fence-shaped tree structure is planted, carry out grafting of trunks between adjacent trees, grafting position 1 is located at the end of the front end of the trunk of the first tree body and the second The position where the near-horizontal sections of the rear ends of the trunks of the two trees overlap, that is, the front end of the trunk of the first tree (lured horizontally 15 to 20 cm below the shelf) is adjacent to the one that has been lured horizontally in the same extension direction as it. The rear ends of the two trunks of the tree are grafted, which is mainly divided into the following steps:

[0048] (a) The selection of the grafting position and the treatment of the front end section of the trunk. The specific operation method is: in the second year afte...

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grafting and cultivation of fruit trees, in particular to a hedge-wall type grafting and symbiotic cultivation technology of sweet cherry and its application. Background technique

[0002] Sweet cherry is one of the earliest mature tree species among deciduous fruit trees in the temperate zone, and is known as "the first branch of spring fruit". Its fruit is bright in color, exquisite in shape, delicious in shape, rich in nutrition, and has high medical and health care value.

[0003] Sweet cherries have been commercially planted in 67 countries, and six characteristic grafting cultivation areas have been formed, including North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, West Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the sweet cherry grafted cultivation area in the world was more than 400,000 hectares, with an output o...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0034] Tree construction before grafting:

[0035] Such as figure 2 As shown, the construction of the tree before grafting is mainly divided into the following steps:

[0036] 1. Excavate sweet cherry planting ditch: In the orchard, according to the spacing of 300cm, manually or mechanically excavate a planting ditch with a width of 80cm and a depth of 40cm, and then open a drainage ditch with a width of 25cm and a depth of 15-20cm in the center of the bottom of the planting ditch.

[0037] 2. Lay spacers: Cover the bottom of the planting ditch and the two side walls with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm, and the upper part of the plastic film covering the two side walls extends to cover the ground with a width of 10 cm.

[0038]3. Laying drainage pipes: Arrange drainage pipes with an outer diameter of less than 15cm in the drainage ditch at the bottom of the planting ditch, with 0.5mm holes distributed at intervals of 10cm. The drainage pipes are located abov...

Embodiment 2

[0046] Grafting of main branches and cultivation of side branches after grafting:

[0047] Schematic diagram of main branch grafting figure 1 , as shown in 3, wait until the second spring after the sweet cherry fence-shaped tree structure is planted, carry out grafting of trunks between adjacent trees, grafting position 1 is located at the end of the front end of the trunk of the first tree body and the second The position where the near-horizontal sections of the rear ends of the trunks of the two trees overlap, that is, the front end of the trunk of the first tree (lured horizontally 15 to 20 cm below the shelf) is adjacent to the one that has been lured horizontally in the same extension direction as it. The rear ends of the two trunks of the tree are grafted, which is mainly divided into the following steps:

[0048] (a) The selection of the grafting position and the treatment of the front end section of the trunk. The specific operation method is: in the second year afte...

Images