The invention discloses a progressive health monitoring method of a cable system based on strain monitoring during support settlement, which is based on strain monitoring, determines whether to re-update a mechanical calculation baseline model of the structure through monitoring a structure support coordinate, taking into account the approximate linear relationship between the current value vector of the monitored-volume and the initial value vector of the monitored-volume, the unit damage monitored-volume change matrix and the current nominal damage vector. For overcoming the disadvantage, the invention provides the method which means that the linear relationship is segmented to be close to the non-linear relationship; in the method, a large interval is divided into consecutive small intervals, the linear relationship in each of the small intervals is accurate enough, the non-inferior solution of the current cable damage vector can be calculated in the small intervals through the multi-objective optimization algorithm and other appropriate algorithms, accordingly, the location and the damage degree of the damaged-cable can be determined accurately.