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The technology of extracting lecithin from the leftovers of leather beard catfish
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A technology of catfish and leftovers, applied in the field of lecithin, can solve the problems of toxic extraction solvent, no improvement, robbing food resources, etc., and achieve the effect of reducing environmental pollution
Inactive Publication Date: 2017-04-19
燕京理工学院
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Problems solved by technology
[0012] (1) Disadvantages of raw materials: At present, lecithin at home and abroad is mainly extracted from oil crops such as soybeans, egg yolk and other poultry eggs, and it competes with humans for food resources in terms of raw materials;
[0013] (2) Many extraction solvents are toxic: In the extraction process, organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, n-hexane, ether, acetonitrile, etc. are often used in the industry for extraction, which will cause certain organic solvent residues in the product and high toxicity. This problem has always been not well resolved;
[0014] (3) Inorganic salt as a precipitant: more research is to use ZnCl 2 and CdCl 2 , both of which have certain toxicity, and this problem has not been improved
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Embodiment 1
[0044]Weigh raw material 3g, adjust pH to 7, add papain (addition amount is 0.04%) to carry out enzymolysis treatment about 100min, temperature is 50 ℃, then add the mixed solvent of sodium lauryl sulfate and ethanol (dodecane Sodium sulfate is 4% addition, ethanol concentration is 33%) 30ml, extract at 35 ℃ for 60min, filter, discard the residue, then add 1g NaCl to the extract, carry out salt precipitation, salt precipitation temperature is 5 ℃, The settling time was 3 hours. After the lecithin crude product is precipitated, it is dried or spray-dried. The process flow chart is as follows: figure 1 . The minimum extraction rate of crude lecithin is about 20%, and the highest can reach about 60%, that is, 1.8 g of crude lecithin can be extracted from 3 g of raw materials at most; the purification rate is close to 90%.
Embodiment 2
[0046] Take by weighing 3g of raw materials, adjust the pH to 3, add pepsin (addition amount is 0.075%) to carry out enzymolysis treatment about 60min, temperature is 37 ℃, then add the mixed solvent of sodium lauryl sulfate and ethanol (dodecane Sodium sulfate is 6% addition, ethanol concentration is 25%) 30ml, extract at 40 ℃ for 60min, filter, discard the residue, then add 1g NaCl to the extract, carry out salt precipitation, salt precipitation temperature is 5 ℃, The settling time was 3.5 hours. After the crude lecithin is precipitated, it is dried or spray-dried.
Embodiment 3
[0048] Mince the leftovers (mainly viscera) of the catfish and mash them with a tissue masher. Weigh raw material 3g, adjust pH to 9, add trypsin (addition amount is 0.015%) and carry out enzymolysis treatment about 80min, temperature is 45 ℃, then add the mixed solvent of sodium lauryl sulfate and ethanol (dodecane Sodium sulfate is 0.67% addition, ethanol concentration is 75%) 30ml, extract 60min at 45 ℃, filter, discard residue, then add 1g NaCl in extracting solution, carry out salt precipitation, salt precipitation temperature is 5 ℃, The settling time was 4 hours. After the crude lecithin is precipitated, it is dried or spray-dried.
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for extraction of phosphatidylcholine from clarias gariepinus leftover. The technology comprises 1, mincing and triturating head and internal organs of clarias gariepinus at a temperature less than 50 DEG C, 2, adding an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution into the triturated materials obtained by the step 1 to adjust pH as protease enzymolysis pH, heating the material to a temperature of 37-45 DEG C, adding 0.015-0.075% of protease into the materials and carrying out enzymolysis for 60-100min, 3, adding extract into the enzymolysis product obtained by the step 2, carrying out stirring, carrying out extraction at a temperature of 35-45 DEG C for 60-100min and carrying out pressure reduction pumping filtration to obtain extract and 4, adding NaCl into the extract obtained by the step 3, carrying out stirring dissolution, carrying out standing for 3-4h to obtain precipitates and carrying out drying at a temperature less than 50 DEG C. The technology utilizes fish leftover, realizes waste recycle, prevents competition with human and animals in nutrition resources, reduces environmental pollution and has important ecological and economic meaning.
Description
technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lecithin, in particular to a process for extracting lecithin from leftovers of catfish. Background technique [0002] Lecithin, broadly referred to as lecithin, refers to the common name for various commercially available organophosphate products. Its main components are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylcholine (PE), phosphatidic acid and phosphoinositide (PI). In the narrow sense, lecithin refers to phosphatidylcholine, which is phosphati-dycholine in English, which is a phospholipid-containing substance composed of glycerol choline phosphoric acid saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. [0003] At present, lecithin products are mainly extracted from plant hydration oils such as soybean oil and rapeseed oil, or animal brains and egg yolks, especially egg yolks, which have the highest content, but the cost of extracting lecithin from egg yolks is relatively high. According to literature reports, le...
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