High-efficiency corn cultivation method in saline-alkali land

A cultivation method and technology of saline-alkali land, applied in the field of high-efficiency corn cultivation in saline-alkali land, can solve the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization rate, increased soil salinity, and low emergence rate, and achieve the effects of reducing soil erosion, suppressing field weeds, and increasing emergence rate

Inactive Publication Date: 2019-08-27
INST OF AGRI RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT NINGXIA ACAD OF AGRI & FORESTRY SCI NINGXIA KEY LAB OF SOIL & PLANT NUTRITION
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Problems solved by technology

Agriculture is a large water user in Ningxia. The Yellow River irrigation area mainly uses the surface water passing through the Yellow River for farmland irrigation. There are large areas of saline-alkali land in this area. At present, the saline-alkali land that is difficult to efficiently use is mainly distributed in low-lying terrain, inconvenient irrigation, and poor drainage. On the saline-alkali land, conventional methods are used to plant corn in these areas, and the amount of irrigation is relatively high, which increases the risk of soil salinity aggravating due to the continued rise of groundwater levels. Moreover, this conventional planting method on low-lying saline-alkali land also has a low seedling emergence rate. , low seedling preservation rate, low water and fertilizer utilization rate, and improper irrigation during the growth period can easily lead to dead corn seedlings

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0033] A method for high-efficiency cultivation of corn in saline-alkali land, the specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0034] The first step: flat field preparation: lightly salinized land, moderate deep loosening, it is better not to disturb the soil layer; for small plots with serious salt return phenomenon in spring and autumn, you can scrape off 5cm of salt spots on the surface and pile them on the ground. Carry out deep plowing; for saline-alkali soil with clay interlayer underneath, break the clay interlayer by deep plowing; for land with uneven surface, use laser leveling instrument to level the land to avoid saline patches;

[0035] The second step: chemical improvement of alkalized soil: for alkalized soil with high alkalization degree that corn cannot grow normally, soil amendment can be applied in autumn or summer combined with irrigation for soil improvement. The ratio is formulated, and the application amount is determined according to the degree of alkal...

Embodiment 2

[0042] A high-efficiency cultivation method for corn in saline-alkali land, taking the medium-severe saline-alkali soil in the irrigation area diverted from the Yellow River in Ningxia as an example, the specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Flat land preparation: For small plots with serious salt return in spring and autumn, scrape off 5cm of salt spots on the surface and pile them up on the ground, and then carry out deep plowing; Break the clay interlayer; for the uneven land surface, use the laser leveling instrument to level the land to avoid the occurrence of saline patches;

[0044] Step 2: Soil Improvement: Apply a soil conditioner consisting of gypsum and furfural slag in a ratio of 2:1 to the surface after the autumn crops are harvested, and the application rate is 15t / hm 2 , the application amount of the amendment increases with the increase of the soil alkalinity, and after the application, carry out subsoiling, rotary tillage and irrigation t...

Embodiment 3

[0051] A high-efficiency cultivation method for corn in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: the specific cultivation steps are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Flat land preparation: deeply loosen the mildly salinized land to a depth of 5cm; scrape off 5cm of salt spots on the surface of the land with serious salt return in spring and autumn and pile them up on the ground, and then carry out deep plowing; for scraping and removing salt For saline-alkali soils with clay interlayers under the patch surface, the clay interlayers should be broken through subsoiling; for uneven ground, use laser levelers to level the land to avoid saline patches;

[0053] The second step: chemical improvement of alkalized soil: for alkalized soil with high alkalization degree, soil amendment can be applied in autumn or summer combined with irrigation for soil improvement. The soil amendment is gypsum or phosphogypsum and furfural slag at a ratio of 2:1 The proportion of the formulation is formul...

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, in particular to a high-efficiency corn cultivation method in saline-alkali land. The high-efficiency corn cultivation method in the saline-alkaliland includes the following specific cultivation steps: soil improvement, flat land preparation and application of base fertilizer, corn sowing and film covering, irrigation and fertilization. The method achieves the aim of improving corn emergence rate, seedling preservation rate, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and further improving corn yield by improving the corn planting method and optimizing the irrigation and fertilization system, breaks through the technical bottleneck of difficult corn planting and improvement in saline-alkali land in low-lying areas, and can play a technical supporting role in efficient improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land and improvement of ecological environment. On the one hand, ridge film furrow planting can effectively reduce the evaporation and consumption of soil moisture, and thus water collection and moisture preservation are favorable, so that crop yield and water use efficiency are improved; on the other hand, the utilization of groundwater can be further promoted, the groundwater level is lowered, and the phenomenon of soil salinization is reduced.

Description

[0001] Technical field: [0002] The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method for corn in saline-alkali land. [0003] Background technique: [0004] Water-saving irrigation is an important measure to ensure my country's food security and promote the sustainable use of water resources, and it is also an inevitable requirement for changing the mode of economic development and promoting the development of agricultural modernization. Since the beginning of the new century, more than a dozen "Central No. 1 Documents" have made water-saving irrigation a major strategy. Ningxia is located in the northwest inland, with drought and little rain. It is an area seriously short of water resources. Water issues have always been the basic and strategic issues of Ningxia's economic and social development. "Several Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting Ningxia's Economic and Social Development" puts forward ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): A01G22/20A01G13/02A01B79/00A01B79/02C09K17/40C09K101/00C09K109/00
CPCA01B79/00A01B79/02A01G13/0275A01G22/20C09K17/40C09K2101/00C09K2109/00
Inventor 樊丽琴李磊吴霞周涛张永宏纪立东郭鑫年雷金银
Owner INST OF AGRI RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT NINGXIA ACAD OF AGRI & FORESTRY SCI NINGXIA KEY LAB OF SOIL & PLANT NUTRITION
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