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Reinforced, laminated, impregnated and composite-like materials as crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel structures

a polyvinyl alcohol and hydrogel technology, applied in the direction of synthetic resin layered products, animal repellents, biocide, etc., can solve the problems of inability to sufficiently enhance the physical properties of the hydrogel, inability to withstand water, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol, reducing the degree of hydrolysis, and reducing the molecular weigh

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-03-03
CARRIER CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0017] As opposed to the prior art structures, the structures of the invention disclosed herein require no prior treatment of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber to establish strong interfaces between the fibers and the hydrogel matrix. This leads to cohesive failure as the only failure mechanism of the reinforced polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. Also, the present invention requires no pretreatment of a number of other fibers or structures used to reinforce and / or laminate such hydrogels, such as, silk, wool, cellulose, acrylates, carbon, graphite, and the like. The simple addition of these fibers or structures to the polyvinyl alcohol solution prior to gellation or crystallization will provide sufficiently strong interfaces with the hydrogel and thus, ensure no adhesive failures of the structures set forth herein.

Problems solved by technology

Such hydrogels are invariably fragile, weak, sticky and unstable in water.
However, none of the methods that generate chemical bonds was successful in sufficiently enhancing the physical properties of the hydrogels.
This leads to cohesive failure as the only failure mechanism of the reinforced polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels.
This method is cumbersome and is difficult to use because of the difficulties in defining the exact time necessary to soften the fibrils without over-softening them.
Furthermore, any upset in the process parameters, especially an increase in the solvent treatment temperature, or exposure to the solvent for too long a period of time, will lead to excessive or even complete dissolution of the fibrils.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0113] A polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a high degree of polymerization and having a viscosity of about 66 cps for a 4 weight percent aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution at 20° C., and a high degree of hydrolysis of about 99.3% was dissolved in an 80 / 20 dimethylsulfoxide and water solution with the polyvinyl alcohol concentration at about 25 weight %. Dissolution was carried out at 120° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere while continuously stirring for three hours. Cotton gauze was placed on the entire bottom surface of a rectangular mold with the depth of the mold being about 4 mm. Then the solution, which had been kept at about 95° C., was poured on top of the gauze in the mold to completely fill the mold. Additional rectangular molds were used and the molds were filled with the solution to about half of the depth of the mold. Then, cotton gauze was placed on the top of the solution in the mold and an additional solution was poured into the mold to fill it. In both cases, the molds c...

example 2

[0114] The same procedure was used as in example 1 except that the concentration of the hydrogel in the solution was five weight % and knitted wool cloth was used for the reinforcement. The surfaces of the reinforced hydrogel in this case were very soft and delicate to the touch. However, modulus, tensile strength and tear resistance in the plane of the reinforcement corresponded to the knitted wool cloth, while perpendicular to the plane of the knitted wool cloth the mechanical properties were those characteristic of the hydrogel itself. Similar phenomena, as described in example 1 were observed in both of these samples when the samples lost water. When these reinforced and laminate samples were exposed to tensile or shear forces, they failed exclusively through cohesive mechanism indicating that the interfacial strength between wool cloth and the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel matrix is at least as high as the strength of the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel matrix itself.

example 3

[0115] A similar procedure was used as in example 1 except that the polyvinyl alcohol had a low degree of polymerization, having a viscosity of about 4 cps for a 4 weight % solution at 20° C., and a degree of hydrolysis of about 98% was dissolved in a 70 / 30 dimethylsulfoxide / ethanol solution with the concentration of the hydrogel being about 30 weight %. In this case, knitted acrylic fiber cloth was used for the reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol matrix were further improved by using heat treatment procedures by holding the sample in a vacuum at 90° C. for two hours.

[0116] The modulus, tensile strength and tear resistance of these samples in the plane of the knitted acrylic fiber cloth were those characteristic of the acrylic fiber cloth reinforcing material while perpendicular to the plane of the knitted wool cloth the mechanical properties were those characteristic of the hydrogel itself Similar phenomena were observed again with the samples when th...

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Abstract

Reinforced, laminated, impregnated, and materials with composite properties as cross linked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel structures in bulk or cellular matrix forms that can take essentially any physical shape, or can have essentially any size, degree of porosity and surface texture. They have a wide range of physical properties, unusual and unique combinations of physical properties and unique responses to stress fields, which allows for their use in many end use applications.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 10 / 020,785, filed on Oct. 29, 2001, currently pending. [0002] The invention disclosed herein deals with reinforced, laminated, impregnated and composite-like materials as cross linked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel structures in bulk (non-cellular) or cellular matrix forms that can take essentially any physical shape, or can have essentially any size, degree of porosity and surface texture. They have a wide range of physical properties, unusual and unique combinations of physical properties and unique responses to stress fields, which allows for their use in many end use applications.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Polyvinyl alcohol and its hydrogel forms have a relatively long history of use in a wide variety of applications. Polyvinyl alcohol in the form of fibers and covalently cross linked polyvinyl alcohol sponges and foams have already established themselves as very useful materials in numerous applications su...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): B32B27/28C08J3/075C08J3/24C08J5/04C08L29/04D06M15/333C08J9/26
CPCC08J3/075C08J3/24C08J5/04C08J2329/04C08J2329/14C08L2205/02C08L29/04C08L2666/04Y10T428/249953Y10T428/249992B32B27/04B32B5/00
Inventor GVOZDIC, NEDELJKO VLADIMIRA
Owner CARRIER CORP
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