Methods and materials for cis and cigs photovoltaics

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-02-10
PRECURSOR ENERGETICS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0016]The polymeric precursor compounds and compositions of this disclosure can provide enhanced processability for solar ce

Problems solved by technology

Thus, the usefulness of an optoelectronic or solar cell product is in general limited by the nature and quality of the photovoltaic layers.
In general, CIGS materials are complex, having many possible solid phases.
The difficulties with these approaches include lack of uniformity of the CIGS layers, such as the appearance of different solid phases, imperfections in crystalline particles, voids, cracks, and other defects in the layers.
A significant problem is the inability in general to precisely control the stoichiometric ratios of the metal atoms in the layers.
Without direct control over those stoichiometric ratios, processes to make semiconductor and optoelectronic materials are often less efficient and less successful in achieving desired compositions and properties.
For example, no molecule is currently known that can be used alone, without other compounds, to readily prepare a layer from which CIGS mat

Method used

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  • Methods and materials for cis and cigs photovoltaics
  • Methods and materials for cis and cigs photovoltaics
  • Methods and materials for cis and cigs photovoltaics

Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

Polymeric Precursor Compounds

[0499]A polymeric precursor represented by the formula {Cu(SesecBu)4In} was synthesized using the following procedure.

[0500]To a stirred solution of In(SesecBu)3 (2.60 g, 5 mmol) in benzene (10 mL) under inert atmosphere was added solid CuSesecBu (1.0 g, 5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h to produce a pale yellow solution. The solvent was removed from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure leaving a sticky yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in pentane and filtered. Solvent removal from the filtrate under reduced pressure yielded 3.1 g (86%).

[0501]NMR: (1H; C6D6) 0.99 (br, 12H), 1.70 (br d, 12H), 1.81 (m, 4H), 2.02 (br m, 4H), 3.67 (br, 4H).

[0502]In FIG. 8 is shown the TGA for this MPP polymeric precursor. The TGA showed a transition beginning at about 190° C., having a midpoint at about 210° C., and ending at about 230° C. The yield for the transition was 46.6% (w / w), as compared to a theoretical yield for the formula CuInSe2 of 46.5...

example 2

[0503]A polymeric precursor represented by the formula {Cu(SesecBu)4Ga} was synthesized using the following procedure.

[0504]To a stirred solution of Ga(SesecBu)3 (1.20 g, 2.5 mmol) in benzene (10 mL) under inert atmosphere was added solid CuSesecBu (0.51 g, 2.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h to produce a pale yellow solution. The solvent was removed from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure leaving a sticky yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in pentane and filtered. Solvent removal from the filtrate under reduced pressure yielded 1.50 g (89%).

[0505]NMR: (1H; CDCl3) 0.98 (t, 12H), 1.58 (br, 12H), 1.74 (br, 4H), 1.96 (br, 4H), 3.44 (br, 4H).

[0506]In FIG. 9 is shown the TGA for this MPP polymeric precursor. The TGA showed a transition beginning at about 100° C. and ending at about 240° C. The yield for the transition was 44% (w / w), as compared to a theoretical yield for the formula CuGaSe2 of 43% (w / w). Thus, the TGA showed that this polymeric precursor can be u...

example 3

[0507]A polymeric precursor represented by the formula {Cu(StBu)4In} was synthesized using the following procedure.

[0508]A 100-mL Schlenk tube was charged with In(StBu)3 (0.55 g, 1.4 mmol) and CuStBu (0.21 g, 1.4 mmol). 10 mL of dry benzene was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 75° C. overnight. A colorless solid formed. The solution was filtered and the solid was washed with benzene at room temperature. The solid was dried under vacuum and collected (0.4 g, yield, 53%).

[0509]Elemental analysis: C, 36.2; H, 6.7; Cu, 13.0; In, 23.9; S, 18.0. NMR: (1H) 1.66 (br s 36H); (13C) 23.15 (s); 26.64 (s); 37.68 (s); 47.44 (s).

[0510]The TGA for this polymeric precursor showed a transition having a midpoint at 218° C., ending at 225° C. The yield for the transition was 46% (w / w), as compared to a theoretical yield for the formula CuInS2 of 45% (w / w). Thus, the TGA showed that this polymeric precursor can be used to prepare CuInS2 layers and materials, and can be used as a component to pr...

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Abstract

This invention relates to processes for materials using a range of compounds, polymeric compounds, and compositions used to prepare semiconductor and optoelectronic materials and devices including thin film and band gap materials for photovoltaic applications including devices and systems for energy conversion and solar cells. In particular, this invention relates to CIGS, CIS or CGS materials made by a process of providing one or more polymeric precursor compounds or inks thereof, providing a substrate, depositing the compounds or inks onto the substrate; and heating the substrate, thereby producing a material.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a continuation of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 12 / 848,808, filed Aug. 2, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 231,158, filed Aug. 4, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 326,540, filed Apr. 21, 2010, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND[0002]The development of photovoltaic devices such as solar cells is important for providing a renewable source of energy and many other uses. The demand for power is ever-rising as the human population increases. In many geographic areas, solar cells may be the only way to meet the demand for power. The total energy from solar light impinging on the earth for one hour is about 4×1020 joules. It has been estimated that one hour of total solar energy is as much energy as is used worldwide for an entire year. Thus, billions of square meters of efficient solar cell devices will be needed.[0003]Photovoltaic ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01L31/032H01L31/18
CPCC07C391/00Y02E10/541H01L31/0322Y02P70/50C07F19/00C08G79/00H01L31/042
Inventor FUJDALA, KYLE L.CHOMITZ, WAYNE A.ZHU, ZHONGLIANGKUCHTA, MATTHEW C.
Owner PRECURSOR ENERGETICS
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