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Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions from Compression Ignition Engines

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-03-22
BAKER HUGHES INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Benefits of technology

[0007]There are provided, in one non-limiting form, compositions for reducing the emissions of distillate fuels that includes a homopolymer such as polyisobutylene (PIB), polypropylene (PP), and/or a hyperbranched polymer, where the homopolymer has a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Combinations of these polymeric materials with an alkyl nitrate, such as 2-ethyhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, are also useful.
[0008]There are further provided in another non-restrictive version distillate fuels, such as diesel fuels, gasoline, jet fuels, or kerosene, having reduced emissions, that contains an effective amount

Problems solved by technology

It is well known that considerable effort has been expended reducing the exhaust emissions from compression ignition (e.g. internal combustion) engines.
It has been found to be difficult to simultaneo

Method used

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  • Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions from Compression Ignition Engines
  • Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions from Compression Ignition Engines
  • Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions from Compression Ignition Engines

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

examples 1-3

[0027]Additive compositions expected to be useful herein include, but are not necessarily limited to the following outlined in Table I:

TABLE IFuel Additive Compositions to Reduce Exhaust EmissionsEx.Polymer2EHNSolventOther110 wt % PIB70 wt %15 wt % aromatic5 wt % 2-ethylhexanol210 wt % hyper-70 wt %15 wt % aromaticbranched polymer5 wt % 2-ethylhexanol370 wt %10 wt % aromatic20 wt %Product QThe hyperbranched polymer is a polyalpha-olefin having a molecular weight of about 2800.The 2-ethylhexanol (2EH) was added as a solvent to improve the low temperature stability of the additive formulation.Product Q is a condensation reaction product between formaldehyde and di-n-butylamine.

examples 4-9

[0028]Other additive compositions expected to be useful herein include, but are not necessarily limited to those outlined in Table II:

TABLE IIComponent DescriptionWt-%Ex. 4PIB, 1500 MW102-Ethylhexyl nitrate70Aromatic solvent152-Ethylhexanol5Ex. 5Hyperbranched PAO102-Ethylhexyl nitrate70Aromatic solvent152-Ethylhexanol5Ex. 62-Ethylhexyl nitrate70bis-(dibutyl)diaminomethane20Aromatic solvent10Ex. 7PIB, 1500 MW50Aromatic solvent452-Ethylhexanol5Ex. 8Hyperbranched PAO50Aromatic solvent452-Ethylhexanol5Ex. 9PIB, 1500 MW102-Ethylhexyl nitrate70Aromatic solvent10Polyester diol (for lubricity)52-Ethylhexanol5

[0029]The test data in the Figures discussed below was developed using a 1991 DDC Series 60 (Serial No. 06R0038671) heavy duty diesel engine mounted in a transient-capable test cell. This engine had an in-line, six cylinder configuration rated for 365 hp at 1800 rpm, was turbocharged, and used a laboratory water to air heat exchanger for a charge air intercooler. The exhaust was routed ...

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Abstract

Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. The homopolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION[0001]This application is a continuation-in-part application from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 128,918, filed May 29, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 940,914 filed May 30, 2007.TECHNICAL FIELD[0002]The present invention relates to additives for distillate fuels, and more particularly relates, in one embodiment to reducing exhaust emissions for hydro-carbon fuels using chemical additives.TECHNICAL BACKGROUND[0003]It is well known that considerable effort has been expended reducing the exhaust emissions from compression ignition (e.g. internal combustion) engines. These exhaust emissions are the products of burning the fuel in the engine, emitted from an exhaust system. The major emissions include hydrocarbons, which are unburned or partially burned fuels, nitrogen oxides (generally abbreviated NOx) which are generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen under the high temperature and pre...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10L1/18C10L1/23C10L1/16
CPCC10L1/143C10L1/1608C10L1/1616C10L1/1641C10L1/1811C10L1/1824C10L1/1983C10L1/2222C10L1/231C10L10/02C10L1/10C10L1/1258C10L1/221
Inventor HARRELL, BRADLEY G.ZETLMEISL, MICHAEL J.GALLAGHER, CHRISTOPHERYANG, JIANZHONGMCCALLUM, ANDREW J.
Owner BAKER HUGHES INC