Process of making negative electrode and rechargeable lithium battery using the same
a negative electrode and rechargeable lithium battery technology, applied in the direction of batteries, sustainable manufacturing/processing, cell components, etc., can solve the problems of limited theoretical capacity of 372 mah/g, short circuit of batteries, and fast degradation of cell chemistry, etc., to achieve fast plating, high capacity, and large area
Inactive Publication Date: 2014-09-04
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Benefits of technology
This method enables efficient, uniform, and porous tin or tin-alloy coating on large area substrates, enhancing the cycle life and energy density of rechargeable lithium batteries by maintaining good electrical contact and accommodating volume changes during alloying and dealloying.
Problems solved by technology
Currently, these batteries are based on a carbonaceous anode material, which has a limited theoretical capacity of 372 mAh / g.
Lightweight lithium metal is known to provide much higher energy density, however, use of it as the anode is unsafe due to the unavoidable formation of lithium dendrites during charging, which results in electric short-circuit of the battery.
Furthermore, high reactivity of metal lithium to the electrolytic solvents results in fast degradation of cell chemistry, which hence limits cycle life of the batteries.
Owing to huge volume changes accompanied during alloying and dealloying, the alloy quickly pulverizes and loses electric contact between the alloy particles.
As a result, the performance of the Li alloy fades very fast with cycling.
Disadvantages of the electroplating process are: it is not suitable for plating of large size substrates and it is difficult to make a uniform plating layer due to uneven distribution of current density, especially when the current and thickness are high.
However, this process is not suitable for plating of tin on a substrate with large area, and the thickness of tin coating is highly dependent on the positions of contacting points or connecting points between the zinc and substrate.
In addition, pore-free structure is not favorable for long cycle life of rechargeable lithium battery when tin is used as the negative electrode.
Method used
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example 5
[0034]The tin-coated copper foil as made in Example 1 was punched into a small circular disk with an area of 1.27 cm2. A Li / Sn coil cell was assembled in an argon-filled glove box by using the tin-coated copper foil as the working electrode, a metallic lithium disk with an area of 1.60 cm2 as the counter electrode, and a solution of 1.0 M LiPF6 dissolved in a 3:7 (wt.) mixture of ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate as the electrolyte. The cell was first discharged at about 0.1 C from open-circuit voltage to 0.05 V, followed by cycled at the same current rate between 0.05 V and 1.6 V. The voltage profiles of the first cycles of the cell are shown in FIG. 5, from which the coulombic efficiencies are estimated as 92.8% in the first cycle and 97.1% in the second cycle. On contrary, an identical Li / Sn cell but using the Sn electrode made by the electroplating process as described in example 2 only showed a coulombic efficiency of 82.7% in the first cycle and 96.0% in the second...
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Abstract
A process of electroless plating a tin or tin-alloy active material onto a metal substrate for the negative electrode of a rechargeable lithium battery comprising steps of (1) immersing the metal substrate in an aqueous plating solution containing metal ions to be plated, (2) plating tin or tin-alloy active material onto the metal substrate by contacting the metal substrate with a reducing metal by swiping one on the other, and (3) removing the plated metal substrate from the plating bath and rinsing with deionized water. A rechargeable lithium battery using tin or tin-alloy as the anode active material.
Description
[0001]This application is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 13 / 178,561 filed in the name of Shengshui Zhange on Jul. 8, 2011, the complete disclosure of which, in its entirety, is herein incorporated by reference.GOVERNMENT INTEREST[0002]The embodiments described herein may be manufactured, used, sold, imported and / or licensed by or for the United States Government without the payment of royalties thereon.BACKGROUND [0003]1. Technical Field[0004]This invention relates to a process of plating tin or tin-alloy on a metal substrate. In particular, the present invention relates to a negative electrode comprising tin or tin-alloy active material and a rechargeable lithium battery using the same.[0005]2. Description of Related Art[0006]Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the main power sources for many portable electronic devices with high demand for high energy density and weight saving. Currently, these batteries are based on a carbonaceous anode material, which has a l...
Claims
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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/1395H01M4/04
CPCH01M4/387H01M2220/30H01M4/1395H01M4/0402C23C18/52H01M4/0452H01M4/134H01M4/661Y02E60/10C23C18/00Y02P70/50
InventorZHANG, SHENGSHUI
OwnerUS SEC THE ARMY THE