Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
a proppant composite and attrition resistance technology, applied in the field of proppant composites, can solve the problems of generating dust/fines, cracking of underlying rocks, and dust/fines, and achieve the effect of reducing the generation of dust/fines and increasing the attrition resistance of proppan
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example 1
[0063]Conventional northern white quartz frac sand (20 / 40) was treated with tall oil pitch at a level of 0.1 wt % of the frac sand. The surface temperature of the frac sand was 70 C and the temperature of the tall oil pitch was at 70 C or higher. The frac sand and tall oil pitch coating were well mixed mechanically to achieve even coverage of tall oil pitch on frac sand particulates. The finished product, a frac sand composite with tall oil pitch covering the surface of the frac sand particulate, was then placed in a ball mill for a six-hour grinding at ambient temperature to simulate real world conditions during a typical shipment of the sand. The turbidity of the ground product was then measured based on ISO 13503-2:2006E Section 9. The turbidity, 2 NTU, is shown in A) of FIG. 6. Un-coated frac sand was also put through this grinding process as described in this example, and its turbidity after the grinding was determined by the same ISO 13503-2:2006E Section 9 testing protocol. T...
example 2
[0064]As described in Example 1, a tall oil pitch and yellow grease blend (50 / 50) was used to treat the frac sand at a level of 0.1 wt. % of the frac sand. The turbidity after the six-hour grinding, 32 NTU, is shown in C) of FIG. 6.
example 3
[0065]Glycerin was used to treat the frac sand as described in Example 1 at 0.15 wt. % of the frac sand. Both frac sand and glycerin were at ambient temperature. The turbidity after the six-hour grinding, 32 NTU, is shown in D) of FIG. 6.
[0066]A six-hour abrasion study was also conducted, which showed there was a significant difference in turbidity between the uncoated sand and coated sand. Additional testing was done to ensure that the noticed difference in turbidity was not an artifact of the test protocol. This testing was meant to demonstrate that the observed reduction in fines was due to reduced attrition rather than embedding of fines in the coating.
[0067]In this study, the quantity of glycerine present in the water sample used in the turbidity test was measured. The data showed that the coated 0.15 wt. % of glycerin was entirely removed from the surface of the coated sand. Therefore, the reduction in turbidity was due to reduced attrition rather than to capturing of dust / fin...
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