The present invention provides a picture decoding and encoding method, a decoding and encoding apparatus, a decoder and an
encoder. The picture decoding method includes the following steps that: a video code
stream is analyzed, shaping parameters are obtained from the picture and / or slice layer data of the video code
stream, and shaping parameters used by a restoration picture are determined according to the obtained shaping parameters, wherein the picture and / or slice layer data contain at least one of the data units of a picture and / or slice layer parameter set which is different from a picture parameter set (PPS), a parameter data unit and slice header information which are contained in an access unit (AU) corresponding to the restoration picture, and a
system-layer picture parameter data unit; and the shaping parameters used for the restoration image are used to perform shaping
processing on the restoration image, wherein the restoration image is an image which is obtained by decoding the video code
stream before shaping
processing. With the picture decoding and encoding method, the decoding and encoding device, the decoder and the
encoder of the invention adopted, the problems of poor video viewing quality and large cost of the encoding of shaping parameters are in the prior art can be solved.