A method of topdressing winter wheat after irrigation

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for performing topdressing on winter wheat by sequentially irrigating and fertilizing. The method comprises the following steps of (1) applying base fertilizers and then performing rotary cultivation on lands or turning over and consolidating the lands before seeding of the winter wheat, constructing ridges, and building the ridges into perpetual ridges so as to bring convenience to irrigation and fertilizer application; (2) irrigating the winter wheat once when the winter wheat is in a turning green and jointing period by using 40-60m(3) water; (3) stopping irrigating, and uniformly spreading nitrogenous fertilizers in ground irrigation water after the depth of the ground irrigation water is reduced to 40-60mm, and performing topdressing. The heights of the perpetual ridges are 15-20cm, the width between each two adjacent ridges is 2-5 meters, and the quantity of the topdressing nitrogenous fertilizers is 30-40% of the quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers in a whole growth period of the winter wheat. The winter wheat is irrigated at first, after the depth of the ground irrigation water is reduced to 40-60mm, topdressing is performed, a mode of irrigation and topdressing is adjusted, the nutrition amount of urea which flows to positions below a root layer along with irrigation water is reduced, the available nutrient of the root layer of crops is increased, pollution on underground water due to irrigation is reduced, and the crop yield is improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a winter wheat topdressing method for irrigation before application, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization. Background technique [0002] Winter wheat is the main food crop in my country. In wheat cultivation, in places with high-yield cultivation with watering conditions, watering and topdressing are generally required during the period from turning green to jointing of wheat. At present, the general method of watering and fertilizing wheat by farmers is: first sprinkle urea, and then irrigate, and the amount of fertilization and irrigation is generally large, especially in the yellow irrigation area. The disadvantages of this method are: 1. Urea is an organic small molecule compound, which is easy to move with water. In the case of "spreading urea first, and then watering", urea will seep into the soil below the root layer with water . Urea can enter the soil below 100cm with water, resulting in ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The disadvantages of this method are: 1. Urea is an organic small molecule compound, which is easy to move with water. In the case of "spreading urea first, and then watering", urea will seep into the soil below the root layer with water

Urea can enter the soil below 100cm with water, resulting in ineffective fertilizer and polluting the environment

2. The loss and loss of irrigation water are relatively serious, and the utilization rate of water resources is low

This method is only a water-saving irrigation method designed to reduce the amount of irrigation water. It does not take into account the low fertilizer utilization rate caused by urea seeping below the root layer with the water, and this method requires soil preparation and irrigation. , the labor intensity is high, which increases the labor cost

[0005] Chinese patent document CN101438650A discloses a water-saving irrigation and fertilization method and its device. The method mainly drills a plurality of vertical holes in the soil around the plant roots, and then inserts a fertilizer stick made of fertilizer into each vertical hole. , and then use a water supply device to drip irrigation water on the fertilizer bar in a steady and small amount, so that the irrigation water is guided into the bottom of the soil through the fertilizer bar, absorbed by the roots of the plants, and can be used in the irrigation water of the water supply device Add water-soluble fertilizers as topdressing, so that water-soluble fertilizers enter the soil with irrigation water, so that the roots of irrigated plants can effectively absorb irrigation water and nutrients, improve water efficiency, and improve the efficiency of plants to absorb nutrients , but this method needs to drill multiple vertical holes in the soil around the plant roots in advance, and make the fertilizer to be applied into a fertilizer stick. Since wheat is a densely planted crop, using this method in wheat topdressing requires a lot of manpower and material resources , the cost of planting is high, and the labor intensity of people is high, which does not meet the requirements of current agricultural development

[0006] How to balance saving irrigation and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the process of topdressing during the turning green period of winter wheat, so as to achieve water-saving irrigation during topdressing and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, so that the two can promote each other, is a difficult problem in wheat cultivation at present. to report

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