159results about How to "Strong specific surface area" patented technology

The invention relates to the soil improvement technology and the environment protection technology, in particular to a soil heavy metal passivant for the facilities vegetable field and a preparation method thereof for solving the problem that due to solid heavy metal pollution, the sustainable utilization of the facilities vegetable field is influenced. The soil heavy metal passivant for the facilities vegetable field comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 30 percent of medical stone powder, 10 to 30 percent of diatomite in powder, 10 to 20 percent of zeolite powder, 20 to 30 percent of lignite and 25 to 35 percent of fly ash. The preparation method for the soil heavy metal passivant comprises the following steps: mixing the medical stone powder passing through a 80-mesh screen, the diatomite in powder passing through a 80-mesh screen and the zeolite powder passing through a 80-mesh screen with lignite and uniformly stirring the mixture; and mixing the mixture with the fly ash passing through a 80-mesh screen, sufficiently stirring the mixture and after mixing uniformly, preparing the soil heavy metal passivant. The invention has simple preparation method and achieves the effects of passivating the soil heavy metals in the facilities vegetable filed and reducing the content of heavy metals in the soil which can be utilized by the crops by synergistic effect of the components.

The invention provides a method for preparing activated carbon powder with lignin from an alkaline papermaking black liquor. The method comprises the steps as follows: the lignin is extracted from the alkaline papermaking black liquor through acidification and is prepared after being purified; KOH (potassium hydroxide) is added after the lignin is carbonized; the mixture is placed in an ultrasonic water bath to be subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 to 35 min; and after being dried, the mixture of the lignin and the potassium hydroxide is heated and activated for 0.5 to 2.0 hours at 650 to 850 DEG C, so as to prepare the activated carbon powder. The method has the advantages that the process is simple; waste utilization is realized; and the prepared activated carbon powder has the effects of large specific surface area, high porosity, strong adsorption effect and excellent properties and can effectively remove heavy metals and organic pollutants.

The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating grease, in particular to organic silicon lubricating grease and a preparation method thereof. The organic silicon lubricating grease comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10 to 80 percent of base oil, 1 to 30 percent of modifier and 5 to 25 percent of thickening agent. The organic silicon lubricating grease has the advantages of wide application range, excellent dielectric property, insulating property, sealing property, thermal stability, shockproof property and lubricating property, and obvious improvement on lubricating property and thermal stability particularly.

The invention discloses a high-firmness honeycomb ceramic carrier and a preparation method thereof. Cordierite honeycomb ceramic is used as a base body; an aluminum oxide coating layer and a composite coating layer are arranged on the surface of the base body in sequence; by the total weight of the honeycomb ceramic carrier, the honeycomb ceramic carrier contains 85-95 percent of cordierite honeycomb ceramic, 2-7 percent of the aluminum oxide coating layer and 3-8 percent of the composite coating layer; by the total weight of the composite coating layer, the composite coating layer contains 40-80 percent of titanium dioxide, 5-35 percent of silicon dioxide, 1-10 percent of aluminum oxide and 10-40 percent of an auxiliary. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) immersing the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body subjected to acid treatment into alumina sol for treatment, taking out the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body, blowing away residual liquid, and drying and roasting to obtain the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body loaded with the aluminum oxide coating layer; (2) soaking the carrier obtained by the step (1) in composite coating layer slurry for treatment, taking out the carrier, blowing away the residual liquid, and drying and roasting to obtain a final product. The coating layer load of the honeycomb ceramic carrier is large, the firmness is high, and the preparation technology is simple; the mechanical strength of the base body is not damaged; the high-firmness honeycomb ceramic carrier is suitable for industrial application.

The invention relates to a method for removing mercury ions in water and a regeneration method of an adsorbent used in the same. An adsorbent is put in water to be treated to adsorb mercury ions in the water. The adsorbent is a palladium nanoparticle supported/iron oxide magnetic modified carbon nanotube composite material. The carbon nanotube composite material provided by the invention has nanostructure and large specific area; and after the carbon nanotube composite material is oxidized and activated, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and other active functional groups are formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube composite material, thereby enhancing the hydrophilic property and the adsorptive capacity for positively charged metallic ions. The iron oxide is coated on the surface of the activated carbon nanotube composite material, and therefore, the activated carbon nanotube composite material has strong soft magnet property, and can easily implement solid-liquid separation of the adsorbent and the polluted water body under the action of an external magnetic field. The palladium modification strengthens the affinity of the composite material with mercury ions, and greatly enhances the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the original carbon nanotube composite material for mercury ions (the maximum adsorption capacity is 55.3mg/g).

The invention discloses an anti-flaming antisepsis leather coating which is composed of, by weight, 2-3 parts of hydrous zinc borate, 1-1.5 parts of linoleic acid calcium soap, 0.1-0.2 part of triterpenoid saponin, 0.7-1 part of calcium naphthenate, 1.7-2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.8-1 part of polyacrylamide, 1.6-2 parts of stannous chloride, 0.1-0.13 part of triethanolamine, 190-200 parts of methyl methacrylate, 3-4 parts of lauryl sodium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of urotropine, 0.2-0.3 part of ammonium persulfate, 6-7 parts of a 20%-25% formaldehyde solution, 16-20 parts of zinc acetate, 4-7 parts of silver nitrate, 1-2 part of decabromodiphenyl ether and 0.4-1 part of sodium lauryl sulfate. The anti-flaming antisepsis leather coating has a good antibacterial property and excellent moisture permeability and water resistance. Leather coated with the obtained emulsion is good in antibacterial property and excellent in hygiene property.

The invention discloses an electrospinning composite micro-nano fiber air filtration membrane and a preparing method thereof. The air filtration membrane is prepared through an electrospinning method, the composite micro-nano fiber of the air filtration membrane is formed by nano-silver particles, enteromorpha activated carbon/titanium dioxide composite particles and a water insoluble high-molecular polymer, wherein the enteromorpha activated carbon/titanium dioxide composite particles are prepared from electrospinning TiO2/high-molecular polymer/enteromorpha nano particles (enteromorpha nano dry powder) composite nano fiber membrane through high-temperature heat treatment, acid pickling and smashing. The air filtration membrane is simple in preparing method, excellent in performance and capable of effectively adsorbing and decomposing formaldehyde and other harmful substances while blocking and filtering dust pollutants and has a good antibacterial function and a good comprehensive protection effect.

The present invention provides four loofah vegetable sponge antibacterial health care materials and the application thereof. The four loofah vegetable sponge antibacterial health care materials are mainly characterized in that the four materials all contain the loofah fiber component and have the approximately same efficacy of antibacterial health care; wherein, material A contains loofah vegetable sponge fiber tablet or loofah vegetable sponge fiber powder, loofah vegetable sponge fiber active carbon or loofah begetable sponge fiber compound active carbon and bamboo pyroligneous antibacterial liquor; material B contains loofah vegetable sponge fiber tablet or loofah vegetable sponge fiber powder and loofah vegetable sponge fiber active carbon or loofah vegetable sponge fiber compound active carbon; material C contains loofah vegetable sponge fiber tablet or loofah vegetable sponge fiber powder and bamboo pyroligneous antibacterial liquor; material D contains loofah vegetable sponge fiber active carbon or loofah vegetable sponge fiber compound active carbon and bamboo pyroligneous antibacterial liquor. The materials of the present invention are taken as the additive in preparing antibacterial health care fiber and textile, washing product, craftwork, vessel, present box and packaging box, sports article, furniture and paint or building decoration material or are used for purifying water and air and absorbing harmful substances.

The invention relates to a core-shell structured supported carbon nanotube catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst adopts carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a carrier and adopts borazane as a reducing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reducing precursors comprising a ruthenium salt, a cobalt salt and a nickel salt, loading the reduced precursors on the CNTs, filtering the above obtained product, washing the filtered product, and drying the washed product to obtain the core-shell structured Ru@CoNi/CNTs nanocatalyst. The average particle size of metals supported on the core-shell structured Ru@CoNi/CNTs nanocatalyst synthesized through the preparation method is 1.5 nm, the catalyst has high catalysis activity on hydrolysis of borazane for releasing hydrogen, the transformation frequency (TOF) is 408.9 H2 min<-1> (mol Ru)<-1>, and the activation energy (Ea) is 23.53 kJ mol<-1>. The catalyst still has good stability after 5 cycle test, the average particle size of metal particles is 1.64 nm, and the metal particles are uniformly dispersed. The noble metal/non-noble metal doped core-shell structured supported nanocatalyst adopting the CNTs as the carrier has the characteristics of uniform metal particle distribution, many catalysis activity sites and good stability; and compared with traditional noble metal catalysts, the nanocatalyst has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in preparation, easy obtaining of the raw materials, and suitableness for industrial production.

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for reducing the cadmium content of leafy vegetables in an overproof cadmium vegetable plot, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking a carbonized rice husk as a base fertilizer, applying before the leafy vegetables are sowed and uniformly raking with soil or embedding the carbonized rice husk into a planting trench before the leafy vegetables are transplanted; and (2) taking an inorganic fertilizer as an additional fertilizer, and spray-applying the inorganic fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium taken as the additional fertilizer after the final singling or the survival of the leafy vegetables. In the step (1), 250-750 kg of carbonized rice husk is applied for each mu. In the step (2), the inorganic fertilizer is uniformly divided into 3 or 4 parts and is dissolved into water to be spray-applied, the inorganic fertilizer is sprayed for the first time after the final singling or the survival of the leafy vegetables, is sprayed once every 5-10 days and is totally sprayed for three or four times, and the inorganic fertilizer provides N5-15 kg, P2O51.6-4.0 kg and K2O55.0-15.0 kg for each mu. The fertilizing method has the benefit that as the carbonized rice husk and the inorganic fertilizer are applied together, the safe quality of the leafy vegetables is improved, and the content of Cd in the leafy vegetables is reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method for carbon composite refractory. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing an active matter precursor into solution, adding oxide in the solution and mixing, and drying, dispersing and roasting the mixture to obtain an active matter-oxide composite material; secondly, catalyzing carbon source gas or mixed gas of the carbon source gas and hydrogen gas by using the activated active matter-oxide composite material, and performing cracking reaction to obtain an oxide-carbon nanotube composite material; thirdly, impregnating the oxide-carbon nanotube composite material in ethanol solution to form a preimpregnation body; fourthly, mixing at least one of oxide micro powder, carbon black and graphite with an antioxidant to form a premixing body; and fifthly, sequentially adding a binding agent, the preimpregnation body and the premixing body in base stock and aging, forming and drying to obtain the carbon composite refractory. Carbon nanotubes in the prepared refractory are uniform in distribution and are strongly combined with a refractory raw material; and the prepared refractory is suitable for high-temperature environment in the metallurgical steelmaking industry.

The invention discloses a preparing method for a titanium-dioxide composite nanometer antibacterial material and a product thereof. The preparing method includes the steps that a titanium-dioxide/active-carbon-particle/silver-particle composite nanometer fiber material is prepared with the electrostatic spinning method, nanometer active-carbon particles obtained through enteromorpha nanometer dry-powder carbonization are evenly distributed in titanium-dioxide nanometer fibers and formed, enteromorpha-active-carbon/titanium-dioxide composite nanometer fibers and silver ions are evenly distributed on the surfaces of the enteromorpha-active-carbon/titanium-dioxide composite nanometer fibers to form the titanium-dioxide/active-carbon-particle/silver-particle composite nanometer fiber material. According to the titanium-dioxide composite nanometer antibacterial material, as the antibacterial effect of nanometer silver is combined, the high antibacterial efficiency is achieved; meanwhile, the attaching effect of active carbon is combined, moisture can be absorbed, the environment is kept dry, bacterium breeding is reduced, and therefore the better antibacterial effect is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bamboo charcoal ceramic processing and particularly relates to a bamboo charcoal bentonite composite ceramic material and the preparation method of the same. The bamboo charcoal bentonite composite ceramic material is prepared from the following parts by weight of raw materials: 1-9 parts of bamboo powder and 1-9 parts of bentonite. The preparation method comprises (1) a step of drying the bamboo powder at temperature between 60 DEG C and 80 DEG C for 1-2 hours and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, (2) a step of drying the bentonite at temperature between 60 DEG C and 80 DEG C for 1-2 hours and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, (3) a step of mixing the bamboo powder and bentonite obtained after screening according to the proportion of 1-9 parts by weight with bentonite according to the proportion of 1-9 parts by weight to obtain the raw material powder, (4) a step of utilizing ball milling after mixing the raw material powder with water to obtain a sizing agent, (5) a step of granulating and molding the sizing agent after stewing for curing, (6) a step of firing a green body and cooling to room temperature. The preparation process of the bamboo charcoal bentonite composite ceramic material has the advantages of being economic and environmental in protection, capable of obtaining the ceramic material of high porosity, large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nanometer calcium carbonate filling modified polypropylene automotive interior material, aiming at solve the problem of poor stability, poor fineness and the like of the modified material by filling the common calcium carbonate into polypropylene. Polypropylene granules serve as base stocks, and polypropylene is obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization; nanometer calcium carbonate serves as a inorganic filler, and activating treatment needs to be carried out on the surface thereof; polyolefin grafting materials and other plastics processing aids are chosen to serve as accessory materials; a double-screw melt blending process route is adopted to control proper blending process conditions; titanate coupling agent is adopted to activate the surface of the nanometer calcium carbonate; and ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride is adopted for grafting polyolefin. The method of the invention has the advantage of obtaining the purposes of enhancement and toughening modification for polymer. The polypropylene composite material obtained by the invention can satisfy the requirements of auto industry on polypropylene automotive interior material.

The invention discloses an integrated water-treatment device which comprises a hydrolysis acidification pool (1), a biological contact oxidation pond (2), a settling pond (3) and a sludge digestion tank (4) sequentially and integrally arranged. The hydrolysis acidification pool (1), the biological contact oxidation pond (2), the settling pond (3) and the sludge digestion tank (4) are separated by separators (5). A water inlet (6) is arranged on the upper part of the hydrolysis acidification pool (1), and the bottom of the hydrolysis acidification pool (1) is connected with the biological contact oxidation pond (2) via through holes (7) arranged on the separators (5). A weir tank (8) is arranged on the upper part of the biological contact oxidation pond (2) and is communicated with a water inlet tube in the settling pond (3) through a weir tube (9). The bottom of the settling pond (3) is communicated with the sludge digestion tank (4) through the through holes (7) on the separators (5). An overflow weir (11) communicated with a clean water disinfecting pond (10) is arranged on the upper part of the settling pond (3). The device provided by the invention has the characteristics of stable effluent quality, stability in operation, high cost performance and convenience in maintenance.

The invention discloses a cellulose-based three-dimensional porous composite material supporting nano-zinc oxide and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the steps of: 1) according to weight percentage ratio, successively dispersing 40-60% of a cellulose-[beta]-cyclodextrin composite material, 40-60% of PAMAM-modified konjac, and 1-5% of a pore-forming agent in deionized water, bath ratio being 1:50, performing ultrasonic mixing to uniform, and performing stirring reaction at normal temperature for 24 h at constant speed; 2) pouring a reaction product into a mould, placing the mould in liquid nitrogen for 1 min, taking the mould out, pre-freezing the reaction product in a refrigerator for 6 h at -20 DEG C, freezing the reaction product in a Thermo ultra-low temperature refrigerator for 6 h at -80 DEG C, and processing the reaction product in a freeze-drying machine for 48 h to obtain the cellulose/konjac/cyclodextrin three-dimensional porous composite material;and 3) with electrostatic effect as film forming driving force, performing layer by layer self-assembly on the surface of the three-dimensional porous composite material with the nano-zinc oxide. Inthe invention, with the konjac, cellulose, beta-cyclodextrin and zinc oxide as the raw materials, the method has sufficient raw materials and low cost. The material has important application value inthe fields such as photocatalysis, photoelectric materials, adsorption materials, biomaterials, etc.

The invention discloses glass curtain wall energy-saving paint and a preparation method thereof, and relates-the technical field of energy-saving materials, the glass curtain wall energy-saving paint includes the following raw materials: 65-75 parts of modified waterborne epoxy resin, 45-55 parts of a thermal insulation filler, 20-25 parts of antibacterial powder, 20-23 parts of an ultraviolet absorbent, 15-17 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-15 parts of an additive and 70-80 parts of water. The glass curtain wall energy-saving paint has the advantages of coating uniformity, strong adhesion, good weatherability and good insulating performance, can effectively reduce the glass heat transfer coefficient, and is heat and ultraviolet radiation-blocking, thereby reducing energy consumption and light pollution to play an indoor and outdoor energy-saving role.

The invention discloses a honeycomb ceramic carrier and a preparation method thereof. Cordierite honeycomb ceramic is used as a base body; an aluminum oxide coating layer and a composite coating layer are arranged on the surface of the base body in sequence; according to the total weight of the honeycomb ceramic carrier, the honeycomb ceramic carrier comprises 85-95 percent of cordierite honeycomb ceramic, 2-7 percent of the aluminum oxide coating layer and 3-8 percent of the composite coating layer; according to the total weight of the composite coating layer, the composite coating layer comprises 40-80 percent of titanium dioxide, 5-35 percent of silicon dioxide, 1-10 percent of aluminum oxide and 10-40 percent of auxiliaries. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) immersing the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body into alumina sol for treatment, taking out the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body, blowing away residual liquid, drying and roasting to obtain the cordierite honeycomb ceramic base body loaded with the aluminum oxide coating layer; (2) soaking the carrier obtained by the step (1) in composite coating layer slurry for treatment, taking out the carrier, blowing away the residual liquid, drying and roasting to obtain a final product. The coating layer load of the honeycomb ceramic carrier is large, the firmness is high, and the preparation process is simple; the mechanical intensity of the base body is not damaged; the honeycomb ceramic carrier is suitable for industrial application.

The invention discloses an electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material, which is formed by the combination of nano nickel oxide and nano carbon materials. The preparation method of the electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material comprises the steps of: 1, preparing a nickel salt aqueous solution; 2, mixing the nickel salt aqueous solution with the nano carbon materials; 3, preparing nanocarbon/nickel oxide composite powder; 4, and preparing an electrode. The electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material obtains large capacitance by utilizing oxidation-reduction property of the nano nickel oxide, is high in conductivity, high in specific surface area and high in utilization rate of specific surface area, endows the electrode with high capacitance of capacitor and energy density, has good charging-discharging repeatability, is easy to implement technological parameter control, is even to coat the nano carbon with the nano nickel oxide, and is suitable for industrialized mass production; and the prepared nickel oxide electrode is small in expansion and high in specific capacity, and has good charging-discharging performance, excellent inorganic ion electro-adsorption performance, long service life, and very high practical value.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently extracting Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide by adopting a fermentation process, which comprises the following steps: selecting a fresh Hericium erinaceus fruit body, removing inferior parts, washing with water and grinding. The ground Hericium erinaceus fruiting body is firstly treated with microwave and then treated with ultrasonic wave, and the temperature is lowered for standby; Preparation of Hericium erinaceus fruiting body mother liquor; Sterilizing the obtained mother liquor, inoculating the mixed strain, fermenting and culturing, and then inactivating. The mixed strain comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis; a liquid-solid separation is carry out on that fermentation broth, the filter residue is elute with clearwater, the eluting water is collect, the precipitate is standing and separated, the eluting water supernatant is taken and combined with the filtrate 1 to obtain liquid 2, the liquid 2 is added withethanol, the supernatant is standing and stratified, the supernatant is discarded, centrifugal separation is carried out, and the obtained substance is dried. The polysaccharide content of the extractobtained by the method is up to about 35% and the water solubility is good, and the yield of the extract is more than 20%, the impurities in the extract are few, the environment is friendly, and theextract can be produced on a large scale.

This invention discloses a method for utilizing granular ceramic filter materials in treating wastewater of iron and steel industry. The method comprises: filling granular ceramic filter materials into the filtration tank of treatment apparatus of wastewater of iron and steel industry, performing a first time sedimentation and a second time advection sedimentation on wastewater of iron and steel industry, sending into the filtration tank from the top, intercepting and adsorbing by the granular ceramic filter material, separating water and pollutants, and discharging clear water. The granular ceramic filter materials comprise haydite filter material, porcelain sand filter material, and ceramic ball filter material. The method utilizes granular ceramic filter materials to replace oval, quartz sand and anthracite filter materials, and thus has such advantages as simple process, low production cost, high treatment efficiency, good working environment, good filtration and purification effect, clear filtered water, long filter material usage cycle, low yearly filter material cost (saved by 40-50%), high filtration and sewage interception ability (raised by more than 30%), and zero wastewater discharge.

The invention discloses a reinforced heat-resistant electrostatic-spinning/electret composite fiber membrane filtering material. The reinforced heat-resistant electrostatic-spinning/electret composite fiber membrane filtering material is prepared from, by weight, 75-85 parts of polyetherimide, 7-13 parts of silicon monoxide, 10-16 parts of powdered activated carbon, 1-2 parts of a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent, 0.8-2 parts of glacial acetic acid, a proper amount of deionized water, 2-6 parts of metatitanic acid, a proper quantity of a AgNO3 solution of 0.6 mol/L, a proper amount of N-methyl-pyrrolidone, 1-2 parts of oxidized graphene, 1-3 parts of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 3-9 parts of dimethyl imidazole and 25-40 parts of methyl alcohol. According to the reinforced heat-resistant electrostatic-spinning/electret composite fiber membrane filtering material, silicon nanowires containing alpha-quartz are prepared, the electrostatic-spinning/electret composite fiber filtering material is prepared with the electrospinning technique, the excellent charge storage stability is achieved, and the filtering efficiency of the filtering material is greatly improved; in addition, nano-silver is added to load nanometer titania, the antibacterial durability of the filtering material is improved, and the long-time efficient filtering effect is achieved.

The invention discloses an aluminum-carbon-copper microelectrolysis filler and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (I) treatment of an active carbon raw material; (II) mixing of active carbon, aluminum powder and copper powder; (III) press forming; and (IV) carbonization and activation of the active carbon raw material. The invention provides the preparation method of the aluminum-carbon-copper microelectrolysis filler; compared with a method of directly using carbon granules and aluminum granules as fillers, the method for preparing the aluminum-carbon-copper microelectrolysis filler is not influenced by different specific gravities and has the advantage that aluminum, copper and carbon are in mutual surface contact maximally; compared with a method for directly using the carbon granules and aluminum and copper granules as the fillers, the method for preparing the aluminum-carbon-copper microelectrolysis filler has the advantages of large quantity of primary cells formed by the fillers with same volume, high generated microcurrent and high processing capacity; and furthermore, the aluminum-carbon-copper microelectrolysis filler prepared through the method disclosed by the invention is in a block shape, stable in character and difficult to lose along with water flows.

The present invention provides a compact explosion-proof protector. The compact explosion-proof protector comprises a melt, electrodes, an encapsulation layer and an arc extinguishing material; two electrodes are provided; the melt is arranged between the two electrodes; the arc extinguishing material is attached onto the melt; the encapsulation layer forms a cavity; the melt is located in the cavity; and the electrodes pass through the encapsulation layer. The arc extinguishing material is made of the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 12 parts of polyamide resin or polyimide resin or silica gel resin; 4 to 8 parts of anhydrous magnesium hydroxide; 3 to 7 parts of fumed silica; and 0.1 to 0.5 part of sodium chloride. The compact explosion-proof protector of the invention has the advantages of decreased size and improved explosion-proof performance.