Antimutagenic compositions for treatment and prevention of photodamage to skin

a technology of mutagenic compositions and skin, applied in the direction of biocide, drug compositions, aerosol delivery, etc., can solve the problems of ineffective prevention measures such as sunscreen use, ineffective use of sunscreens, sunscreens and agents which induce or improve tanning, etc., to improve the repair of cellular structures, improve the net genomic fidelity, and reduce the chance of development and severity

Inactive Publication Date: 2001-11-22
PRO NEURON INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0014] It is an object of the invention to provide compositions and methods for reducing mutation frequency, photaging, and tumorigenesis in skin, thereby attenuating consequences of exposure to solar and ultraviolet radiation and to other mutagens including endogenous oxidants.
[0015] It is an object of the invention to provide a composition that enhances DNA repair and prevents consequences of mutagenic radiation even when administered after damage or exposure to radiation or other mutagens has already occurred.
[0016] It is a primary object of this invention to provide compositions and methods for effectively preventing or treating consequences of exposure of the skin to solar and ultraviolet radiation and other environmental mutagens.

Problems solved by technology

In practice, preventive measures like sunscreen use are not completely effective, and exposure to sunlight is not always anticipated.
Sunscreens and agents which induce or improve tanning are not useful in such situations, since they are only useful if applied prior to exposure to UV radiation.
Moreover, there are situations wherein sunscreens and even endogenous melanin can actually enhance UV-induced DNA damage through photodynamic sensitization.
The key issue in DNA repair, however, is not necessarily the rate of lesion excision, but the fidelity of repair.
A crucial point is that increasing cell survival after genomic damage caused by UV radiation or other mutagens is not necessarily desirable.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Post-Irradiation Topical Deoxyribonucleosides Improve DNA Repair in Mouse Skin After UVB Exposure

[0128] The incidence of mutations in skin in response to ultraviolet radiation was determined using the "Big Blue" transgenic mouse test system. These mice carry approximately 40 copies per cell of a lambda phage shuttle vector containing a lacI gene as a target for mutagenesis, as well as the lacI promoter, the lac operator, and the .alpha.lacZ reporter gene.

[0129] Following exposure of the mice to ultraviolet radiation and treatment with compounds of the invention or vehicle, genomic DNA from skin samples is extracted and the shuttle vectors are packaged in lambda virus heads. The phage lambda viruses containing the shuttle vectors are plated on E. Coli with the color reagent X-Gal, which turns blue when enzymatically altered by galactosidase, the product of the .alpha.lacZ gene. Viruses containing nonmutated lacI genes produce white plaques; mutation of the lacI gene results in blue p...

example 2

Post-Irradiation Treatment With Topical Deoxyribonucleosides Prevents Development of UV-Induced Papillomas in v-Ha-ras Transgenic TG.AC Mice

[0134] Example 1 demonstrated that post-irradiation topical treatment can reduce the frequency of UV-induced mutations in a reporter gene in "Big Blue" transgenic mice, through support and improvement of DNA repair processes. One of the consequences of reduced mutation frequency in response to a carcinogen like UV radiation should be a reduction of UV-induced tumorigenesis.

[0135] A strain of transgenic mice has been developed which is extremely sensitive to carcinogens. It permits rapid determination of carcinogenic potential of various chemical agents and other treatments. Normal mice require repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation over a number of weeks in order to reliably develop skin tumors. In contrast, v-Ha-ras TG.AC transgenic mice can develop tumors rapidly after a single exposure, or small number of exposures to UV radiation.

[0136] ...

example 3

Low Concentrations of Oxybenzone Exacerbate UV-Induced Damage to DNA

[0141] Confluent human fibroblasts in T25 flasks were washed 3 times with HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) and incubated with vehicle or with various concentrations of oxybenzone (OB) for 2 hours. Media was aspirated and cells were covered with a 1 mm layer of HBSS and irradiated from above with UV-B (50 J / m.sup.2). The medium was aspirated and cells were incubated for three hours with 2 mM hydroxyurea. Medium was again aspirated, and cells were trypsinized with 0.25% trypsin / EDTA. Cells were centrifuged at 4.degree. C., resuspended in 50 microliters of HBSS and incubated at room temperature with 200 microliters of 1N NaOH for 15 minutes. DNA damage (single strand breaks) was assessed by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. "Nucleoid position" in the sucrose gradient is proportional to the number of DNA single strand breaks.

[0142] UV irradiation without oxybenzone results in a three to four-fold increase in...

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Abstract

A method of improving DNA repair and reducing DNA damage and for reducing mutation frequency in skin for the purpose of reducing consequences of exposure to solar or ultraviolet radiation is disclosed. The methods comprise administering to the skin a composition containing deoxyribonucleosides in concentrations sufficient to enhance DNA repair or reduce mutation frequency in a vehicle capable of delivering effective amounts of deoxyribonucleosides to the necessary skin cells.

Description

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 963831 filed Nov. 4, 1997, herein incorporated by reference.[0002] This invention relates generally to treatment and prevention of photodamage, genetic damage, and tumorigenesis in skin and other tissues caused by exposure to solar or ultraviolet radiation or other mutagens, comprising administration of deoxyribonucleosides or esters of deoxyribonucleosides to a mammal such as a human. These compounds are capable of reducing DNA damage, mutation frequency, and tumorigenesis when applied topically before, during, or after exposure to mutagenic radiation or chemical mutagens.[0003] Exposure of skin to ultraviolet (or ionizing) radiation damages DNA, which if unrepaired or improperly repaired, can lead to carcinogenesis as well as contribute to acceleration of the aging process. DNA damage and consequent genomic instability are defining characteristics of both carcinogenesis and biological aging. Patients...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K8/00A61K8/33A61K8/34A61K9/06A61K8/35A61K8/36A61K8/362A61K8/365A61K8/37A61K8/39A61K8/41A61K8/46A61K8/49A61K8/60A61K31/70A61K31/7068A61K31/7072A61K31/7076A61K31/708A61K45/00A61K47/10A61K47/12A61K47/38A61P1/02A61P1/04A61P17/00A61P17/04A61P17/06A61P17/16A61P35/00A61Q17/04A61Q19/00A61Q19/08
CPCA61K8/606A61K31/70A61Q19/004A61Q19/08Y10S514/944Y10S514/844Y10S514/847Y10S514/848Y10S514/969A61P1/02A61P1/04A61P17/00A61P17/04A61P17/06A61P17/16A61P35/00
Inventor VON BORSTEL, REID W.ROMANTSEV, FEDOR
Owner PRO NEURON INC
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