178 results about "DNA damage" patented technology

The invention provides a method for identifying one or more genes in a cell of a cell type which interact with, e.g., modulate the effect of, an agent, e.g., a drug. For example, an identified gene may confer resistance or sensitivity to a drug, i.e., reduces or enhances the effect of the drug. The invention also provides STK6 and TPX2 as a gene that exhibits synthetic lethal interactions with KSP encoding a kinesin-like motor protein, and methods and compositions for treatment of diseases, e.g., cancers, by modulating the expression of STK6 or TPX2 gene and/or the activity of STK6 or TPX2 gene product. The invention also provides genes involved in cellular response to DNA damage, and their therapeutic uses.

The invention provides a method for identifying one or more genes in a cell of a cell type which interact with, e.g., modulate the effect of, an agent, e.g., a drug. For example, an identified gene may confer resistance or sensitivity to a drug, i.e., reduces or enhances the effect of the drug. The invention also provides STK6 and TPX2 as a gene that exhibits synthetic lethal interactions with KSP encoding a kinesin-like motor protein, and methods and compositions for treatment of diseases, e.g., cancers, by modulating the expression of STK6 or TPX2 gene and/or the activity of STK6 or TPX2 gene product. The invention also provides genes involved in cellular response to DNA damage, and their therapeutic uses.

The present invention relates to methods of assessing damage to cellular DNA including the type, frequency and/or distribution of the DNA damage in the genome. The invention further provides methods of evaluating DNA damage in a cell caused by an agent and/or event as well as methods of determining a subject's prior exposure to an agent and/or event that is known or suspected to cause DNA damage. Further provided are methods of determining whether a subject is at an increased risk for a disease or disorder as a result of cellular DNA damage.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing cell proliferation and/or promoting cell death by inhibiting Drp1. It is based, at least in part, on the discoveries that (i) Drp1 disruption-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion is functionally linked to the cell cycle regulation apparatus, so that Drp1 inhibition results in a disruption of the cell cycle and DNA aberrancies; (ii) inhibition of both Drp1 and ATR are synthetic lethal causing increased DNA damage and apoptotic cell death; and (iii) even in resistant cell lines, Drp1 inhibitor (e.g., mdivi-1) together with a second antiproliferative agent (e.g., cisplatin or carboplatin) act synergistically to promote apoptosis. Accordingly, the present invention provides for novel anticancer strategies.

Aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted urea compounds useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions related to DNA damage or lesions in DNA replication are disclosed. Methods of making the compounds, and their use as therapeutic agents, for example, in treating cancer and other diseases characterized by defects in DNA replication, chromosome segregation, or cell division also are disclosed.

The present invention relates to methods for decreasing cellular DNA repair in a patient diagnosed with or suspected to have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); decreasing cellular NAD⁺ biosynthesis in a patient diagnosed with or suspected to have CLL; or sensitizing a patient diagnosed with or suspected to have CLL to a DNA damaging therapy. The invention relates to methods for treating a patient diagnosed with or suspected to have CLL.

The invention discloses a method for detecting genotoxic potential of heavy metal pollutants in soil. The method comprises the steps of 1, soil digestion; 2. preparation of microalgae cells; 3, glue spreading; 4. pyrolysis; 5. electrophoresis; 6. neutralization; 7. dyeing; and 8. DNA damage degree analysis and performing of ANOVA analysis by using statistic Origin 7.5 software. The comet image analysis is performed by adopting CASP software, the OTM (Olive Tail Moment) simultaneously reflects the DNA content and shape features in the comet in evaluation parameters and is a common index for quantifying the DNA damage degree. The method is an effective test method and can evaluate the genotoxic potential of heavy metals in the soil.

The present invention is directed to novel methods of enhancing the effectiveness of DNA damaging agents by exposing cells to viruses prior to or during exposure to the damaging agent. In certain embodiments of the invention, the DNA damaging agent is ionizing radiation, the virus is an adenovirus, and the increase in cell killing is synergistic when compared to radiation alone.

The invention discloses a micro-degraded genomic DNA methylation library building and sequencing method. By testing different library building technologies and optimizing the reaction processes, a methylation library building technology capable of detecting severely-degraded genomic DNA as low as 1 ng is established. Through testing different enzyme combinations, the end repair of the degraded DNAand the repair of a notch formed by the degradation of 3-terminal plus A and DNA double chains are realized and completed in a same reaction system; by optimizing the reaction system, the connectionof a sequencing connector in an original reaction solution is realized; after a connector biotin marker is further tested, through specific binding of biotin and streptomycin beads, the fishing of connected connector genome fragments before subsequent sulfite treatment is realized, so that the loss of target fragments before is reduced; in addition, a sulfite reaction system and the reaction timeare also established through optimization, the DNA damage in the treatment process is reduced, the methylation conversion rate is ensured, and methylation library building and sequencing of micro-degraded samples are realized.

The present invention is a system and methods of establishing a Melanocyte Protection Factor (MPF), which indicates the level of protection against DNA damage to a target cell, such as the level of protection a particular sunscreen offers against UVA rays when compared to the unprotected case, i.e., no sunscreen. The present invention determines and records levels of stable melanin radicals (SMR) in a target cell. Light is applied to the target cell forming light-induced melanin radicals (LIR). The levels of SMR and intensity of LIR are measured to determine the amount of incident light reaching the target cell. Since LIR is proportional to the square root of light intensity reaching the target cell, the ratio of light reaching the target cell is defined as the MPF: $\mathrm{MPF}=\frac{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{UV}\mathrm{reaching}\mathrm{melanocyte}\\ \mathrm{without}\mathrm{sunscreen}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{UV}\mathrm{reaching}\mathrm{melanocyte}\\ \mathrm{with}\mathrm{sunscreen}\end{array}}=\frac{{\left[\frac{{\mathrm{SMR}}_{+\mathrm{screen}}}{{\mathrm{LIR}}_{+\mathrm{UV}+\mathrm{screen}}}\right]}^2}{{\left[\frac{{\mathrm{SMR}}_{\mathrm{control}}}{\mathrm{LIR}{+}_{\mathrm{UV}\mathrm{control}}}\right]}^2}$

The present invention relates to methods of detecting agents that cause or may potentiate DNA damage, and to assays that may be employed in such methods. In particular, the invention relates to methods of detecting DNA damage in in vitro cultures of human cells.

The present invention discloses herein a synergistic composition(s) of bioactive agents for optimizing cellular health. Particularly, a synergistic bioactive composition for optimizing cellular health, wherein the composition comprising therapeutic blend of betaine of thiol histidine and sirtuin activator(s) or salts thereof present in the ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:90, along with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In another embodiment, the invention discloses novel synergistic nutritional composition comprising synergistic combination of bioactives L-ergothioneine and nicotinamide mononucleotide chloride present in the ratio ranges from 1:1 to 1:80. The present invention provides promising and effective nutritional composition for improving cellular health by regulating expression of transcriptional factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reducing cell apoptosis, ROS level and DNA damage in the cell.

The present disclosure provides highly multiplexed base editing methods and compositions that minimize the induction of DNA damage sensors in eukaryotic cells and maintain cell viability. The disclosed base editing methods improve the survival of eukaryotic cells after large-scale genome editing. These methods are based upon the discovery that use of a dead Cas9 base editor and optimal cell conditions during and after base editing enhances cells' tolerance to and survival following thousands of edits to the genome. Optimal cell conditions after base editing include the use of a combination of small molecule factors and/or inhibitors. These methods are facilitated by the design and use of tens to hundreds to thousands of gRNAs for guiding the base editor to the target sequences. The disclosed methods are capable of inducing between ten and 300,000 edits to the genome of a eukaryotic cell. Further disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions and compositions of eukaryotic cells comprising fusion proteins and a plurality of unique gRNAs, and a combination of small molecule factors and inhibitors. Also disclosed are kits for the generation of the fusion protein-gRNA complexes described herein.

Isolated compounds and combinations of isolated compounds isolated from Scutellaria barbata D. Don are effective in the generation of reactive oxygen species, induction of DNA damage and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The compounds and combinations may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions for administration to mammals, such as humans, for the treatment of solid cancers, such as epithelial cancers. Such epithelial cancers include breast cancer and ovarian cancers.

The invention relates to a preparation method?of a hot start DNA polymerase,?comprising the following steps:?obtaining a?single stranded DNA binding protein, a Taq DNA polymerasemonoclonal antibody?and?a Taq DNA polymerase; and mixing the?single stranded DNA binding protein, the Taq DNA polymerase?monoclonal antibody?and the Taq DNA polymerase in accordance with?aproportion. The contents of the?single stranded DNA binding protein, the Taq DNA polymerasemonoclonal antibody?and the Taq DNA polymerase are all 20-40%?respectively. The invention also relates to the hot start DNA polymerase prepared by the above method and an application thereof. The hot start DNA polymerase provided by the invention can also be used to solve problems which appear easily in hot start PCR technology such as DNA damage, product contamination?and bad effect of hot start caused by incomplete sealing.

The invention provides a person-seminal-fluid cryoprotectant containing recombination person PRDX4 protein. The person-seminal-fluid cryoprotectant is prepared from the recombination person PRDX4 protein and person-seminal-fluid cryoprotective base liquid, wherein the adding amount of the recombination person PRDX4 protein in per 100 ml of person-seminal-fluid cryoprotective base liquid is 5 mg to 20 mg. Per 100 ml of person-seminal-fluid cryoprotective base liquid comprises 1.5 g of glucose, 1.3 g of trisodium citrate dehydrate, 1.3 g of glycine, 15 ml of glycerin, 20 ml of yolk and the balance purified water. According to the person-seminal-fluid cryoprotectant, the recombination person PRDX4 protein is used for cryopreservation of person seminal fluid for the first time, the activity, the survival rate and the sperm penetration rate of thawed person sperms are all remarkably higher than the activity, the survival rate and the sperm penetration rate of a control group (the person-seminal-fluid cryoprotective base liquid without the recombination person PRDX4 protein being added is used), the DNA damage rate is lower than that of the control group, and therefore it is proved that adding of the recombination person PRDX4 protein can improve the cryopreservation effect of the person-seminal-fluid cryoprotective base liquid on the person sperms.

The use of modulators of Mre 11, tankyrase, the DNA damage pathway and MRN complex formation of the protection of mammals from failure of growth arrest, apoptosis or proliferative senescence.

The invention relates to a caspase-1-ES cell line induced by mifepristone. The collection number of the caspase-1-ES cell line is CCTCC No.C201193. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the cell line. The invention has the advantages that: caspase-1 is transferred into an embryonic stem (ES) cell for the first time, and the differential potential of the cell is not influenced; the caspase-1 is highly expressed in the ES cell for the first time, it is proved that activated caspase-1 initiates DNA damage to cause death of undifferentiated caspase-1-ES cells in vitro, and a risk of nodule formation caused by ES cell transplantation is reduced; it is discovered that the highly expressed caspase-1 in the differentiated ES cell does not obviously influence the cell for the first time, and the treatment effect of the ES cell is maintained; and the safety of embryonic stem cell transplantation is improved, the effect of treating parkinson disease and other neurologic diseases is remained, and the caspase-1-ES cell line can be widely applied to stem cell transplantation.

The invention relates to an application of an antioxidant drug in the pharmaceutical science field, and especially relates to an application of N-acetylcysteine in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating gonads and other tissue DNA damage and tissue damage induced by synchrotron radiation X-rays. According to experimental results, N-acetylcysteine is indicated to be capable of protecting the double-strand DNA damage caused by synchrotron radiation X-ray radiation, and protecting testicular seminiferous tubule cell layer number reduction caused by the synchrotron radiation X-ray radiation; and the antioxidant is indicated to have important application value in the preparation of the drugs for preventing and treating the synchrotron radiation damage.