The invention relates to a product filtering system for a three-phase slurry bed reactor. The product filtering system comprises an intra-reactor filter, an extra-reactor filter group, back-flushing fluid buffering tank group, a purified product buffering tank and a control system, wherein the intra-reactor filter comprises multiple groups of liquid-solid filtering and separating assemblies, and the intra-reactor filter is a coarse filter; the extra-reactor filter group comprises 2-3 extra-reactor filters, and each extra-reactor filter is a fine filter; and the control system controls the opening and closing of a flow control valve, an outlet control valve, a first valve and a second valve. According to the invention, by adoption of the combination of intra-reactor filtering and extra-reactor filtering, while a liquid product is coarsely filtered and extracted when passing through the intra-reactor filter to retain undamaged catalysts in the system, the liquid product entraining a small amount of damaged granule catalysts is further filtered and purified by the fine filters outside the system, thus, the problems in the prior art are avoided, the continuous online operation and online cleaning can be realized, and economy and high efficiency are achieved.