Pixels of multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal displays

[0154] As mentioned above, the traditional multi-region vertical alignment liquid crystal display is very expensive to manufacture because of the use of physical properties such as protrusions or indium tin oxide gaps to generate multiple regions per pixel. However, according to the method of the present invention, the multi-region vertical alignment liquid crystal display uses a discrete electric field to generate multiple regions, and does not require physical properties (such as protrusions or indium tin oxide gaps) on the substrate. Furthermore, because physical characteristics are not required, the difficulty of calibrating the physical characteristics of the upper and lower substrates can also be eliminated. Therefore, the multi-area vertical alignment liquid crystal display according to the present invention has a higher yield and is cheaper than the traditional multi-area vertical alignment liquid crystal display.

[0155] Please refer to Figure 3a and Figure 3b , Which means that according to the basic concept of the present invention, it is not necessary to use physical properties on the substrate to produce a schematic diagram of a multi-area vertical alignment liquid crystal display (MVA LCD) 300. and Figure 3a and Figure 3b It shows that there are pixels 310, 320, and 330 between a first substrate 305 and a second substrate 355. A first polarizer 302 is attached to the first substrate 305, and a second polarizer 357 is attached to the second substrate 355. The pixel 310 includes a first electrode 311, a plurality of liquid crystals 312 and 313, and a second electrode 315. The pixel 320 includes a first electrode 321, a plurality of liquid crystals 322 and 323, and a second electrode 325. Similarly, the pixel 330 includes a first electrode 331, a plurality of liquid crystals 332 and 333, and a second electrode 335. All electrodes are generally constructed using transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). Furthermore, a first alignment layer 307 covers the electrodes on the first substrate 305. Similarly, a second alignment layer 352 covers the electrodes on the second substrate 355. The two liquid crystal alignment layers 307 and 352 provide a vertical liquid crystal alignment. For the following more detailed description, the electrodes 315, 325, and 335 are maintained at a common voltage (V_Com). Therefore, for ease of manufacture, the electrodes 315, 325, and 335 have a single structure (such as Figure 3a and Figure 3b Shown). The multi-zone vertical alignment liquid crystal display 300 uses alternating polarization to operate the pixels 310, 320, and 330. For example, if the polarization of the pixels 310 and 330 is positive, the polarization of the pixel 320 is negative. Conversely, if the polarization of the pixels 310 and 330 are negative, the polarization of the pixel 320 is positive. Generally speaking, the polarization of each pixel is switched between frames, but the pattern of alternating polarization is maintained in each frame. in Figure 3a Among them, the pixels 310, 320, and 330 are in an "OFF" state, which means that the electric field between the first and second electrodes is turned off. In the off state, some residual electric field may exist between the first and second substrates. However, in general, the residual electric field is too small to tilt the liquid crystal.

[0156] in Figure 3b , The pixels 310, 320, and 330 are in the "ON" state. and Figure 3b Use "+" and "-" to represent the voltage polarity of the electrode. Therefore, the electrodes 311 and 331 have a positive voltage polarity, and the electrode 321 has a negative voltage polarity. The substrate 355 and the electrodes 315, 325, and 335 are maintained at a common voltage V_Com. The voltage polarity is defined relative to the common voltage V_Com, where a positive polarity means its voltage is higher than the common voltage V_Com, and a negative polarity means its voltage is lower than the common voltage V_Com. The electric field 327 (represented by lines of force) between the electrodes 321 and 325 causes the liquid crystals 322 and 323 to tilt. Generally speaking, without protrusions or other physical properties, the tilt direction of the liquid crystal will not be fixed by the liquid crystals in a vertical liquid crystal alignment layer 307 and 352. However, the discrete electric field at the edge of the pixel affects the tilt direction of the liquid crystal. For example, the electric field 327 between the electrodes 321 and 325 vertically surrounds the center of the pixel 320, but slopes to the left of the left half of the pixel, and slopes to the right of the right half of the pixel. Therefore, the discrete electric field between the electrodes 321 and 325 causes the liquid crystal 323 to tilt to the right to form a first area, and causes the liquid crystal 322 to tilt to the left to form a second area. Therefore, the pixel 320 is a multi-area pixel with a symmetrical wide viewing angle.

[0157] Similarly, the electric field (not shown) between the electrodes 311 and 315 has a discrete electric field. This discrete electric field causes the liquid crystal 313 to reposition and tilt to the right side of the pixel 312, and also cause the liquid crystal 312 to tilt to the left side of the pixel 310. To the left. Similarly, the electric field (not shown) between the electrodes 331 and 335 has a discrete electric field. This discrete electric field causes the liquid crystal 333 to reposition and tilt to the right side of the pixel 330, and also cause the liquid crystal 332 to tilt to the left side of the pixel 330. To the left.

[0158] The alternating polarity of adjacent pixels amplifies the fringe field effect of each pixel. Therefore, by repeating the alternating polarity pattern between pixels in each column (or pixels in each column), a multi-area vertical alignment liquid crystal display can be achieved without physical characteristics. Furthermore, a checkerboard pattern of alternating polarities can be used to generate four regions per pixel.

[0159] However, in general, discrete field effects are relatively small and weak. Therefore, when the pixel becomes larger, the discrete electric field at the edge of the pixel cannot be transmitted to all the liquid crystals in a pixel. Therefore, in a large pixel, the tilt direction of the liquid crystal away from the edge of the pixel is randomly changed, and a multi-region pixel is not generated. Generally speaking, when the pixel becomes larger than 40-60 microns (micrometer, μm), the discrete field effect of the pixel does not affect the control of the tilt of the liquid crystal. Therefore, for large-pixel liquid crystal displays, a novel pixel distinction method is used to achieve multi-region pixels. Especially for color liquid crystal displays, the pixels are divided into color components. Each color component is controlled by another switching device such as a thin-film transistor (TFT). Generally speaking, the color components are red, green, and blue. According to the present invention, the color components of a pixel are further divided into color dots.

[0160] The polarity of each pixel is switched between each continuous page frame of the image to avoid the degradation of image quality, which is because the liquid crystal is twisted in the same direction in each page frame. However, if all the switching elements are of the same polarity, the switching of the color dot polarity pattern may cause other image quality problems such as flicker. In order to reduce flicker, switching elements (such as transistors) are configured in a switching element driving mode, and this mechanism includes positive and negative polarity. Furthermore, in order to reduce cross talk, the positive and negative polarities of the switching element are arranged in a fixed pattern, which provides a more stable power distribution. Different switching element driving modes are used in the embodiment of the present invention. There are three main switching element driving modes, which are switching element point inversion driving scheme, switching element row inversion driving scheme, and switching element row inversion driving scheme (switching element row inversion driving scheme). switching element column inversion driving scheme). In the switching element point inversion driving mode, the switching elements form a checkerboard pattern of alternating polarity. In the switching element column inversion driving mode, the switching elements in each column have the same polarity; however, a switching element in a column has an opposite polarity with respect to the polarity of the switching element in an adjacent column. In the switching element row inversion driving mode, the switching elements in each row have the same polarity; however, a switching element on a row has an opposite polarity with respect to the polarity of the switching element in an adjacent row. When the switching element point inversion driving mode provides the most stable power distribution, the complexity and extra cost of the switching element point inversion driving mode are compared with the switching element column inversion driving mode and the switching element row inversion driving mode. , Is not cost-effective. Therefore, when the switching element dot inversion driving mode is generally maintained for high-performance applications, the switching element column inversion driving mode is used for most low-cost and low-voltage liquid crystal display manufacturing.

[0161] The pixel according to the embodiment of the present invention includes different main elements in a novel configuration to achieve a high-quality, low-cost display unit. For example, a pixel may include color components, color points, fringe field amplifying regions (FFAR), switching elements, device component areas, and associated dots. In particular, the present invention introduces a novel cross-plane discrete field amplifier.

[0162] The device element area includes an area that occupies the switching element and/or storage capacitor, and this area is used to manufacture the switching element and/or storage capacitor. For clarity, a different device device area is defined by each switching device.

[0163] The correlation point and the discrete field amplification area are electrically polarized areas, and are not part of the color components. In many embodiments of the present invention, the associated point covers the device element area. For these embodiments, the associated point is made by depositing an insulating layer on the switching element and/or storage capacitor. Then, an electrically conductive layer is deposited to form the associated points. The associated point is electrically connected to a specific switching element and/or other polarization element (such as a color point). The storage capacitor is electrically connected to specific switching elements and color dot electrodes to compensate and offset the liquid crystal cell during the switching-on or switching off process. The capacitance value changes. Therefore, the storage capacitor is used to reduce the cross talk effect during the process of opening or closing the liquid crystal cell. A patterning mask is used when the associated points need to be formed with patterned electrodes. Generally speaking, a black matrix layer is added to form a light shield for the associated points. However, in some embodiments of the present invention, a color layer is attached to the associated points to improve color performance or achieve a desired color pattern or color difference. shading). In some embodiments of the invention, the color layer is fabricated above or below the switching element. Other embodiments may also place the color layer on the glass substrate of the display.

[0164] In other embodiments of the present invention, the associated point is an area independent of the switching element. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present invention have additional correlation points, and these correlation points are not directly related to the switching element. Generally speaking, the associated point includes an active electrode layer such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or other conductive layers, and is connected to a nearby color point or powered by other means. For opaque associated points, a black matrix layer can be attached to the bottom of the conductive layer to form an opaque area. In some embodiments of the present invention, the black matrix may be fabricated on the side of the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate to simplify the manufacturing process. The additional correlation point is to improve the effective use of the display area, thereby improving the aperture ratio and forming multiple liquid crystal domains in the color point. Certain embodiments of the invention use correlation points to improve color performance. For example, careful placement of associated points can allow the colors of nearby color points to be modified from useful color patterns.

[0165] Discrete field amplification areas (FFARs) are more versatile than associated points. In particular, the discrete field amplification area may have a non-rectangular shape, although in general, the overall shape of the scattered field amplification area may be divided into a rectangular shape group. Furthermore, the discrete field amplification area extends along one side of more than one color point. Moreover, in some embodiments of the present invention, discrete field amplification regions can be used to replace the associated points. In particular, in these embodiments, the discrete field amplification area not only covers the device element area, but also extends along more than one side of the color point adjacent to the device element area.

[0166] Interplanetary Discrete Field Amplifiers (EPFFAs) are polarized structures and are on a horizontal plane different from the color point of a pixel. Generally speaking, EPFFAs are placed on the edge of adjacent color points to amplify the discrete electric fields of the color points. One advantage of using cross-plane discrete field amplifiers is that the color points can be set closer together to improve the brightness of a display. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier will be detailed later.

[0167] Generally speaking, the color dots, device component areas, and associated dots are arranged in a grid pattern, and are adjacently separated by a horizontal dot spacing (HDS) and a vertical dot spacing (VDS). When the discrete field amplification area is used to replace the associated points, part of the discrete field amplification area will also be placed in a grid pattern. In some embodiments of the present invention, multiple vertical dot pitches and multiple horizontal dot pitches may be used. Each color point, associated point, and device element area has two adjacent elements (e.g., color point, associated point, or device element area) in a first dimension (such as the vertical direction), and a second dimension (such as In the horizontal direction, there are two adjacent neighbors. Furthermore, two components adjacent to each other can be aligned or moved. Each color dot has a color dot height CDH and a color dot width CDW. Similarly, each associated point has an associated point height ADH and an associated point width ADW. Furthermore, each device device area has a device device area height DCAH and a device device area width DCAW. In some embodiments of the present invention, the color point, the associated point, and the device element area are the same size. However, in some embodiments of the present invention, the color dots, the associated dots, and the device element regions may be of different sizes or shapes. For example, in many embodiments of the present invention, the associated point has a height with a smaller color point. In many applications, the height of the color point is increased to improve the stability of the multi-region vertical alignment (MVA) structure, and the optical transmission is improved to increase the display brightness.

[0168] Figure 4a and Figure 4b It represents a pixel design 410 (such as the numbers 410+ and 410- described later) with different dot polarity patterns. This pixel design 410 is usually used in a display with a switching element dot inversion driving mode. In actual operation, a pixel will switch between a first dot polarity pattern and a second dot polarity pattern between each image frame. For clarity, the first color dot of the first color component has a positive dot polarity pattern, which refers to a positive dot polarity pattern. On the contrary, the first color dot of the first color component has a negative dot polarity pattern, which refers to a negative dot polarity pattern. Especially at Figure 4a Here, the pixel design 410 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 410+), and the pixel design 410 has a negative dot polarity pattern (labeled 410-). Furthermore, in different pixel designs, the polarity of each polarized element is represented by "+" for positive polarity, and "-" for negative polarity.

[0169] The pixel design 410 has three color components CC_1, CC_2, and CC_3. Each color component includes three color dots (color dots). For clarity, the color point is represented as CD_X_Y, where X represents a color component (such as Figure 4a-4b Shown from 1 to 3), and Y represents a little number (such as Figure 4a-4b Shown from 1 to 2). The pixel design 410 also includes a switching element (labeled as SE_1, SE_2, and SE_3) for each color component and two polarized polarities for each color component (labeled as AD_I_J, where I is the color component and J is the associated point number) Point of connection. The switching elements SE_1, SE_2, and SE_3 are arranged in a row. A device element area is represented as surrounding each switching element SE_1, SE_2, and SE_3, respectively, and is represented as DCA_1, DCA_2, and DCA_3.

[0170] The first color component CC_1 of the pixel design 410 has three color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3. The color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3 form a column and are separated by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. In other words, the color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3 are vertically aligned and horizontally separated by the horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Furthermore, the color dots CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are horizontally offset by the horizontal dot offset HDO1, and the horizontal dot offset HDO1 is equal to the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 plus the color dot width CDW. However, the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the color dots CD_1_2 and CD_1_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color dots CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. In the pixel design 410, the switching element SE_1 is located under the color component CC_1. The switching element SE_1 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3.

[0171] Similarly, the second color component CC_2 of the pixel design 410 has three color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3. The color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3 are set as a column, and are separated by the horizontal dot spacing HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3 are aligned vertically and are vertically separated by the horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2. Similarly, the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3. The switching element SE_2 is located below the color component CC_2. The switching element SE_2 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3. The second color component CC_2 is vertically aligned with the first color component CC_1, and is separated from the first color component CC_1 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_2 and CC_1 are offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1, The horizontal color component offset HCCO1 is equal to twice the horizontal dot pitch HDS1 plus three times the color dot width CDW plus the horizontal dot pitch HDS2.

[0172] Similarly, the third color component CC_3 of the pixel design 410 has three color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3. The color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 are set as a column, and are separated by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 are aligned vertically, and are vertically separated by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2. Similarly, the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. The switching element SE_3 is located below the color component CC_3. The switching element SE_3 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3. The third color component CC_3 and the second color component CC_2 are vertically aligned, and are separated from the second color component CC_2 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_3 and CC_2 are offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1.

[0173] For clarity, the color points of the pixel design 410 illustrate that the color points have the same color point width CDW. Furthermore, all color points in the pixel design 410 have the same color point height CDH.

[0174] The pixel design 410 may also include associated points AD_1_1, AD_1_2, AD_2_1, AD_2_2, AD_3_1, and AD_3_2. In the pixel design 410, the associated point has an associated point width ADW (in Figure 4a Not shown in) and an associated point height ADH (in Figure 4a Not shown in) rectangle.

[0175] Such as Figure 4a As shown, the associated points are set between the color points of the pixel design 410. In particular, the association point AD_1_1 is set between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2, and the association point AD_1_2 is set between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. Similarly, the association point AD_2_1 is set between the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2, and the association point AD_2_2 is set between the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3, and the association point AD_3_1 is set between the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2, and the association point AD_3_2 is set between the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. The associated points are horizontally spaced at a horizontal association point pitch HADS ( Figure 4a Not shown) are spaced apart and vertically associated with a vertical pitch VADS ( Figure 4a Not shown in) are separated.

[0176] The pixel design 410 is configured so that the associated point can receive polarity from a neighboring pixel. In particular, a first conductor is coupled to an associated point to receive polarity from a pixel above the current pixel, and a second conductor is coupled to a switching element to provide polarity to a pixel of a pixel below the current pixel. Association point. For example, the conductor 411 coupled to the electrode of the associated point AD_1_1 extends upward to connect the conductor 421 of the pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity (please refer to Figure 4c ). The conductor 421 coupled to the switching element SE_1 extends downward to connect to the conductor 411 of the pixel under the current pixel. The conductors 412 and 422 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_1_2. Similarly, the conductors 414 and 424 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_2_1. The conductors 415 and 425 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_2_2. The conductors 417 and 427 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_3_1. The conductors 418 and 428 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_3_2.

[0177] The polarity of the color point, the associated point and the switching element is indicated by the positive sign "+" and the negative sign "-". Thus, in Figure 4a In the display pixel design 410+, the positive polarity, switching elements (such as switching elements SE_1 and SE_3), color points (such as color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3) and associated points AD_2_1, AD_2_2, have positive polarity Sex. However, the switching element SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, the associated points AD_1_1, AD_1_2, AD_3_1, and AD_3_2 have negative polarity.

[0178] Figure 4b Represents a pixel design 410 with a negative dot polarity pattern. For the negative dot polarity pattern, the switching elements SE_1 and SE_3, the color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, and the associated points AD_2_1, AD_2_2 have negative polarity. However, the switching element SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD2_3, and the associated points AD1_1_, AD_1_2, AD_1_3 have positive polarity.

[0179] As mentioned above, if adjacent elements have opposite polarities, the discrete field at each color point will be amplified. The pixel design 410 uses discrete field amplification regions to enhance and stabilize the formation of multiple regions in the liquid crystal structure. Generally speaking, the polarity of a polarized element is specified so that a color point of a first polarity has an adjacent polarized element of a second polarity. For example, for pixel design 410 (such as Figure 4a As shown), the color point CD_1_3 has a positive polarity. However, the adjacent polarized components (association point AD_1_2 and color point CD_2_1) have negative polarity. Therefore, the discrete field of the color point CD_1_3 is amplified. Furthermore, as described below, the polarity inversion mechanism is also implemented in the display level, because the color point CD_3_3 has a positive polarity, so that the color points of other pixels adjacent to the color point CD_3_3 have a negative polarity (please refer to Figure 4d).

[0180] use Figure 4a versus Figure 4b The pixel design of the pixel can be used in a display using a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. Figure 4c Represents a part of the display 450. The display 420 uses the pixels P(0,0), P(1,0), P(0,1) and P(1,1) of the pixel design 410, and the pixel design 410 has a switching element Point reversal drive mechanism. The display 450 may have thousands of columns, and each column has thousands of pixels. Column and row as Figure 4c The way shown is from Figure 4c The part shown is continuous. For clarity, the gate lines (gate line, scan line) and source lines (source line, data line) of the switching element are in Figure 4c Is omitted. In order to better explain each pixel with a picture, the area of ​​each pixel is masked. This mask is Figure 4c This is for drawing purposes only and has no functional significance. In the display 450, the pixels are configured such that all pixels in a column have the same dot polarity pattern (positive or negative), and each successive column also alternates between positive and negative dot polarity patterns. Therefore, the pixels P(0,0) and P(1,1) have positive dot polarity patterns, and the pixels P(0,1) and P(1,0) have negative dot polarity patterns. However, in the next page frame, the pixel will switch the dot polarity pattern. Therefore, generally speaking, a pixel P(x, y) has a first dot polarity pattern when x+y is an even number, and has a second dot polarity pattern when x+y is an odd number. The pixels on each pixel column are vertically aligned and horizontally separated from each other, so that the rightmost color point of the pixel and the leftmost color point of an adjacent pixel are separated from each other by a horizontal dot pitch HDS3. The pixels on a pixel row are aligned horizontally and are separated by a vertical dot pitch VDS3.

[0181] As described above, the associated point of the first pixel receives the polarity from the switching element of a second pixel. For example, the electrode of the associated point AD_1_2 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P(0,1) via the conductor 412 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 411 of the pixel P(0,1) ) Of the switching element SE_1. Similarly, the electrode of the associated point AD_3_1 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P(0,1) via the conductor 417 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 427 of the pixel P(0,1) The switching element SE_3. Furthermore, as described above, the polarity of the adjacent polarized element having a first electrode has a second polarity. For example, the color point CD_3_3 of the pixel P(0, 0) has a positive polarity, and the color point CD_1_1 of the pixel P(1, 0) has a negative polarity.

[0182] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, each color dot has a width of 140 microns (micrometers) and a height of 420 microns. Each associated dot has an associated dot width of 5 microns and an associated dot height of 370 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 19 microns, the vertical dot pitch VDS3 is 30 microns, and the horizontal associated dot pitch HADS1 is 15 microns.

[0183] Figure 5a and Figure 5b It represents the different dot polarity patterns of a pixel design 510, and the pixel design 510 is usually used in a display with a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. In actual operation, a pixel is switched between a first dot polarity pattern and a second dot polarity pattern between each image frame. For clarity, the first color dot of the first color component has a positive dot polarity pattern, which is regarded as a positive dot polarity pattern. On the contrary, the first color dot of the first color component has a negative dot polarity pattern, which is regarded as a negative dot polarity pattern. Especially at Figure 5a , The pixel 510 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 510+). Figure 5b Among them, the pixel 510 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 510-). Furthermore, the polarity of each polarized element in different pixel designs is represented by "+" for positive polarity or "-" for negative polarity.

[0184] The pixel design 510 has three color components CC_1, CC_2, and CC_3. Each color component has three color points. For clarity, the three-color point is represented as CD_X_Y, where X is a color component (in Figure 5a-5b From 1 to 3) and Y is a color point number (in Figure 5a-5b From 1 to 3). The pixel design 510 also includes a switching element (labeled SE_1, SE_2, SE_3) in each color component, and two polarized cross-plane discrete field amplifiers (labeled EPFFA_I_J) in each color component, where I is Color component, J is the number of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier). The switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3 are arranged in a row. A device element area is displayed around each switching element SE_1, SE_2, SE_3, and is respectively labeled as DCA_1, DCA_2, and DCA_3.

[0185] The first color component CC_1 of the pixel design 510 has three color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3. The color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3 form a row and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. In other words, the color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Furthermore, the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are horizontally offset by a horizontal point offset HDO1, where the horizontal point offset HDO1 is equal to the horizontal point spacing HDS1 plus the color point width CDW. However, the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. In the pixel design 510, the switching element SE_1 is located under the color component CC_1. The switching element SE_1 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3.

[0186] Similarly, the second color component CC_2 of the pixel design 510 has three color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3. The color dots CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3 form a row and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2. Similarly, the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3. The switching element SE_2 is located below the color component CC_2. The switching element SE_2 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3. The second color component CC_2 is vertically aligned with the first color component CC_1 and is spaced from the first color component CC_1 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2. Therefore, the color components CC_2 and CC_1 are horizontally offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1. The horizontal color component offset HCCO1 is equal to twice the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 plus three times the color dot width CDW plus the horizontal dot spacing HDS2.

[0187] Similarly, the second color component CC_3 of the pixel design 510 has three color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3. The color dots CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 form a row and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2. Similarly, the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. The switching element SE_3 is located below the color component CC_3. The switching element SE_3 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3. The third color component CC_3 is vertically aligned with the second color component CC_2, and is spaced from the second color component CC_2 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2. Therefore, the color components CC_3 and CC_2 are horizontally offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1. shift.

[0188] For clarity, the color points of the pixel design 510 are illustrated with the same color point width CDW. Furthermore, all the color points in the pixel design 510 have the same color point height CDH. However, some embodiments of the present invention may have different color point widths and different color point heights.

[0189] The pixel design 510 also includes cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, and EPFFA_3_2. In the pixel design 510, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a cross-plane discrete field amplifier width EPFFAW (in Figure 5a Not shown) and a cross-plane discrete field amplifier height EPFFAH (in Figure 5a Not shown in) rectangle.

[0190] Such as Figure 5a As shown, a cross-plane discrete field amplifier is placed between the color points of the pixel design 510. In particular, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 is placed between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2 is placed between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. Similarly, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_1 is set between the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_2 is set between the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3; the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_1 is set between the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_1. Between CD_3_2, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_2 is set between the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. Although in Figure 5a and 5b Shows excellent point contact interplane discrete field amplifier, but in Figure 5c The cross-plane discrete field amplifier illustrated in is actually in a different plane, where Figure 5c Shows the cross section of the pixel design 510 tangent from 5-5'.

[0191] Figure 5c Represents the cross-sections of color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, and cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2. The color point is located on a first plane, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifier is located on a second plane. In particular, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of the pixel design 510 is below the color point. More specifically, the top of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier and the bottom of the color dot are separated by an amplifier depth pitch ADS. In other embodiments of the invention, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier may be above the color point. In these embodiments, the amplifier depth spacing ADS is measured from the top of the color point to the bottom of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier.

[0192] Therefore, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 can be described as being horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_1 and horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_2, but on a different plane relative to the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 can also be described as horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_1 and horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_2, but on the plane below the relative color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, and EPFFA_3_2 are respectively and horizontally located between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3, between the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2, between the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3, and between the color points. Between CD_3_1 and CD_3_2, between the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3, and located on different planes of the color points.

[0193] By using a cross-plane discrete field amplifier, the color points can be set closer than using polarized elements in the plane of the color points. Reduce the color point spacing to increase the brightness and contrast of the display.

[0194] For example, in the pixel design 510, the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 (that is, the spacing between color dots within a color component) is equal to the width of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier (EPFFA_W). Other embodiments of the present invention may even have the color dots partially overlapped with the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers to further reduce the dot pitch. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier can be formed by using any conductor. However, in order to minimize the cost and process steps, generally speaking, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier is formed using a metal layer, which is used for the formation of the switching element.

[0195] The pixel design 510 has been designed so that the discrete field amplifier across the bit plane can accept polarity from neighboring pixels. In particular, a first conductor is coupled to a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to receive polarity from the pixel above the current pixel, and a second conductor is coupled to the switching element to provide polarity to the pixel below the current pixel A discrete field amplifier across the bit plane of the pixel. For example, the conductor 511 coupled to the electrode of the associated point EPFFA_1_1 extends upward to the conductor 521 connected to a pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity (please refer to Figure 5d ). The conductor 521 coupled to the switching element SE_1 extends downward to be connected to the conductor 511 of the pixel below the previous pixel. The conductors 512 and 522 serve the same purpose for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2. Similarly, the pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_1 of conductors 514 and 524 fulfill the same purpose. The conductor 514 and 524 pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_1 fulfill the same purpose. The conductor 515 and 525 pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_2 fulfill the same purpose. The conductor 517 and the pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_1 satisfy the same purpose. The conductor 518 and 528 pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_2 fulfill the same purpose.

[0196] The polarity of the color point, cross-plane discrete field amplifier and switching element are indicated by the symbols "+" and "-". Therefore, the positive dot polarity pattern that represents the pixel design 510+ Figure 5a Among them, the switching elements SE_1 and SE_3, the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, and cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2 have positive polarity. However, the switching elements SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_3_1, and EPFFA_3_2 have negative polarity.

[0197] Figure 5b This represents a pixel design 510 with a negative dot polarity pattern. For negative dot polarity patterns, the switching elements SE_1 and SE_3, color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, and cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2 have negative polarity. However, the switching elements SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_3_1, and EPFFA_3_2 have positive polarity.

[0198] As mentioned above, if adjacent elements have opposite polarities, the discrete electric field at each color point is amplified. The pixel design 510 uses a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to enhance and stabilize the formation of multiple regions in the liquid crystal structure. Generally speaking, the polarity of the polarized element has been designated so that a color point of a first polarity has an adjacent polarized element of the second polarity. For example, for pixel design 510 ( Figure 5a For the positive dot polarity pattern of ), the color dot CD_1_3 has a positive polarity. However, the adjacent polarized components (the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2 and the color point CD_2_1) have negative polarity. Therefore, the discrete electric field of the color point CD_1_3 is amplified. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the polarity conversion mechanism has been completed in the display stage, so that because the color point CD_3_3 has a positive polarity, the color points of other pixels set adjacent to the color point CD_3_3 have a negative polarity (please refer to Figure 5d ).

[0199] use Figure 5a versus 5b The pixel design of 510 pixels can be used in displays that use a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. Figure 5d Represents a part of the display 550, and the display 550 uses pixels P(0,0), P(1,0), P(0,1), P(1, 1). The display 550 may have thousands of columns, each column having thousands of pixels. Rows and columns follow Figure 5d The part shown in is continuous. For clarity, the gate line and source line that control the switching element are Figure 5d Omitted in. To better illustrate each pixel, the area of ​​each pixel is shaded; this shade is Figure 5d This is for illustration purposes only and has no functional significance. In the display 550, the pixels have been arranged to switch the dot polarity pattern (positive or negative) between the pixels in the same column, and the pixels in the same row also switch between the positive and negative dot polarity patterns. Therefore, the pixels P(0,0) and P(1,1) have positive dot polarity patterns, and the pixels P(0,1) and P(1,0) have negative dot polarity patterns. However, the pixel in the next page box switches the dot polarity pattern. Therefore, generally speaking, when x+y is an even number, a pixel P(x, y) has a first dot polarity pattern; when x+y is an odd number, it has a second dot polarity pattern. The pixels in each pixel column are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally, so that the rightmost color point of a pixel and the leftmost color point of an adjacent pixel are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS3. The pixels on a pixel row are aligned horizontally and spaced apart by a vertical dot pitch VDS3.

[0200] As described above, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of the first pixel receives polarity from the switching element of a second pixel. For example, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_1_2 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P via the conductor 512 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 511 of the pixel P(0,1) (0,1) switching element SE_1. Similarly, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_3_1 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P(0,0) via the conductor 517 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 527 of the pixel P(0,1). 0, 1) switching element SE_3. Furthermore, as described above, the polarity of the polarized element adjacent to a color point having a first polarity has a second polarity. For example, the color point CD_3_3 of the pixel P(0, 0) has a positive polarity, and the color point CD_1_1 of the pixel P(1, 0) has a negative polarity.

[0201] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, each color dot has a width of 140 microns (micrometer) and a height of 420 microns. Each cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a width of 4 micrometers and a height of 375 micrometers. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS2 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS3 is 30 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The amplifier depth pitch ADS is 0.4 microns.

[0202] Figure 6a and 6b It represents the positive and negative dot polarity patterns of a pixel design 610, where the pixel design 610 can use a switching element column inversion driving mechanism. The layout of Pixel Design 610 is similar to Pixel Design 510 ( Figure 5a versus 5b ). Therefore, for simple explanation, only the differences are described. In particular, all the color components, cross-plane discrete field amplifiers, switching elements, conductors, and device element regions are used in the pixel design 610 in the same manner as the pixel design 510. For clarity, the component numbers of the pixel design 510 are repeated in the pixel design 610. The pixel design 610 adds three additional cross-plane discrete field amplifiers and six conductors, which have provided polarity to the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers. Furthermore, some elements in the pixel design 610 are adjusted to the pixel design 510 (described below).

[0203] In particular, the pixel design 610 includes a cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_3 horizontally located between the color points CD_1_3 and CD_2_1, a cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_3 horizontally located between the color points CD_2_3 and CD_3_1, and a cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_3 is horizontally adjacent to the right side of the color point CD_3_3. The cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_3, EPFFA_2_3, and EPFFA_3_3 are in the same plane, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, and EPFFA_3_2 are the same.

[0204] Just like the pixel design 510, the pixel design 610 has been designed so that the cross-plane discrete field amplifier can accept polarity from a neighboring pixel. In particular, a first conductor is coupled to a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to receive polarity from a pixel above the current pixel, and a second conductor is coupled to a switching element to provide polarity to a pixel below the current pixel. Discrete Field Amplifier. In addition to the electrodes included in the pixel design 510, the pixel design 610 also includes electrodes 613, 616, 619, 623, 626, and 629. In particular, the conductor 613 coupled to the associated point EPFFA_1_3 extends downward to connect to the conductor 623 of the pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity (please refer to Figure 6a ). The conductor 623 coupled to the switching element SE_1 extends downward to connect to the conductor 613 of the pixel under the current pixel. Conductors 616 and 526 (whether it should be 626) serve the same purpose for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_3. Similarly, the pair of cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_3 of conductors 619 and 629 fulfill the same purpose.

[0205] The polarity of the color point, cross-plane discrete field amplifier and switching element are represented by the symbols "+" and "-". Therefore, in the positive dot polarity pattern that represents the pixel design 610+ Figure 6a Among them, all the switching elements (ie, the switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3) and the color points (ie, the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3) have positive polarity. All cross-plane discrete field amplifiers (ie, cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_1_3, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_2_3, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2, EPFFA_3_3) have negative polarity.

[0206] Figure 6b This represents a pixel design 610 with a negative dot polarity pattern. For negative dot polarity patterns, all switching elements (ie, switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3) and color points (ie, color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3) Has negative polarity. All cross-plane discrete field amplifiers (ie, cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_1_3, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_2_3, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2, EPFFA_3_3) have positive polarity.

[0207] As mentioned above, if adjacent elements have opposite polarities, the discrete electric field at each color point is amplified. The pixel design 610 uses a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to enhance and stabilize the formation of multiple regions in the liquid crystal structure. Generally speaking, the polarity of a polarized element has been designated so that a color point of a first polarity has an adjacent polarized element of a second polarity. For example, for pixel design 610 ( Figure 6a For the positive dot polarity pattern of ), the color dot CD_2_3 has a positive polarity. However, the adjacent polarized components (inter-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2_1 and EPFFA_1_3) have negative polarity. Therefore, the discrete electric field of the color point CD_1_3 is amplified. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the polarity conversion mechanism has been completed in the display stage, so that because the color point CD_3_3 has a negative polarity, the color points of other pixels set adjacent to the color point CD_1_1 have a negative polarity (please refer to Figure 6c ).

[0208] use Figure 6a versus 6b The pixels of the pixel design 610 can be used in displays that use the switching element column inversion driving mechanism, which is cheaper than using the switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. Figure 6c Represents a part of the display 650, and the display 650 uses the pixels P(0,0), P(1,0), P(0,1), P(1, 1). The display 650 may have thousands of columns, each column having thousands of pixels. Rows and columns follow Figure 6c The part shown in is continuous. For clarity, the gate line and source line that control the switching element are Figure 6c Omitted. To better illustrate each pixel, the area of ​​each pixel is shaded; this shade is Figure 6c This is for illustration purposes only and has no functional significance. In the display 650, the pixels have been arranged to switch the dot polarity pattern (positive or negative) between the pixels in the same column, and the pixels in the same row also switch between the positive and negative dot polarity patterns. Therefore, the pixels P(0,0) and P(1,0) have positive dot polarity patterns, and the pixels P(0,1) and P(1,0) have negative dot polarity patterns. However, the pixel in the next page box switches the dot polarity pattern. Therefore, generally speaking, when y is an even number, a pixel P(x, y) has a first dot polarity pattern; when y is an odd number, it has a second dot polarity pattern. The pixels in each pixel column are vertically aligned and arranged so that the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of a first pixel is horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_3 of a second pixel on the right side of the first pixel. For example, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_3 of the pixel P(0, 0) is horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_3 of the pixel P(1, 0). The pixels in each pixel row are aligned horizontally and spaced apart by a vertical dot pitch HDS3.

[0209] As described above, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of the first pixel receives polarity from the switching element of a second pixel. For example, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_1_2 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P via the conductor 612 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 611 of the pixel P(0,1) (0,1) switching element SE_1. Similarly, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_3_1 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P(0,0) via the conductor 617 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 627 of the pixel P(0,1). 0, 1) switching element SE_3. Furthermore, as described above, the polarity of the polarized element adjacent to a color point having a first polarity has a second polarity. For example, the color point CD_3_3 of the pixel P(1,0) has a positive polarity, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_3_1 of the pixel P(0,0) has a negative polarity, which is switched by the pixel P(0,1) Provided by component SE_3.

[0210] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, each color dot has a width of 140 microns and a height of 420 microns. Each cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a width of 4 micrometers and a height of 375 micrometers. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS2 is 16 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS2 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS3 is 30 microns. The amplifier depth pitch ADS is 0.4 microns.

[0211] Figure 7a and Figure 7b It represents a pixel design 710 (labeled as 710+ and 710-) with different dot polarity patterns. The pixel design 710 can be used in a display with a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. In actual operation, a pixel is switched between a first dot polarity pattern and a second dot polarity pattern between each image frame. Especially at Figure 7a , The pixel 710 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 710+), in Figure 7b Among them, the pixel 710 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 710-). Furthermore, the polarity of each polarized element in different pixel designs is represented by "+" for positive polarity or "-" for negative polarity.

[0212] The pixel design 710 has three color components CC_1, CC_2, CC_3. Each color component includes eight color points. The large number of color points in each color component makes the pixel design 710 very suitable for use in large-screen displays. The pixel design 710 also includes a switching element (denoted as SE_1, SE_2, SE_3) for each color component and a cross-plane discrete field amplifier (denoted as EPFFA_1, EPFFA_2, EPFFA_3) for each color component. The switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3 are arranged in a row. The device element regions DCA_1, DCA_2, DCA_3 are defined around the switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3. The device element areas DCA_1, DCA_2, DCA_3 have a device element area height DCAH and a device element area width DCAW.

[0213] The eight color points of the first color component CC_1 of the pixel 710 are arranged in a two-column matrix with four color points. The two rows are aligned vertically so that the eight color dots also form four color dot columns. The color dot rows are spaced apart by a first horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Each vertically adjacent color dot in a row is spaced apart by a first vertical dot pitch VDS1. In particular, in the first color point row, the color point CD_1_1 is above the color point CD_1_2, the color point CD_1_2 is above the color point CD_1_3, and the color point CD_1_3 is above the color point CD_1_4. In the second color dot row to the right of the first color dot row and spaced by the first horizontal dot pitch HDS1, the color dot CD_1_5 is above the color dot CD_1_6, the color dot CD_1_6 is above the color dot CD_1_7, and the color dot CD_1_7 is at the color dot. Above CD_1_8 (the color point CD_X_Y as described above, where X is the color component CC_X in a pixel, and Y is the color point in the color component CC_X). The color dots are electrically connected along the outer edge of the color dot matrix, except for the spacing between the color dots CD_1_1 and CD_1_5. In particular, the bottom right corner of the color point CD_1_5 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_1_6; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_1_6 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_1_7; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_1_7 is connected to the top of the color point CD_1_8 Right corner; the bottom left corner of color point CD_1_8 is connected to the bottom right corner of color point CD_1_4; the top left corner of color point CD_1_4 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_1_3; the top left corner of color point CD_1_3 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_1_2 The bottom left corner; and the top left corner of the color point CD_1_2 is connected to the bottom left corner of the color point CD_1_1. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, the color points and the connection between the color points form a single process. However, in some embodiments of the present invention, different process steps may be used to form color points and connect to the color points. Furthermore, some embodiments may couple the color points of the color components at different positions.

[0214] The device component area DCA_1 located below the color points CD_1_4 and CD_1_8 is spaced from the color points CD_1_4 and CD_1_8 by a vertical dot pitch VDS2. The switching element SE_1 is located in the device element area DCA_1. The switching element SE_1 is coupled to the electrode of the color point of the color component CC_1 (that is, the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_1_4, CD_1_5, CD_1_6, CD_1_7, CD_1_8) to control the voltage polarity and voltage of the color point of the color component CC_1 Quantity/size. In some embodiments of the present invention, the color point may overlap with the device element area.

[0215] Similarly, the second color component CC_2 of the pixel 710 also has eight color points, which are arranged in a two-column matrix with four color points. The two rows are aligned vertically so that the eight color dots also form four color dot columns. In particular, in the first color point row, the color point CD_2_1 is above the color point CD_2_2, the color point CD_2_2 is above the color point CD_2_3, and the color point CD_2_3 is above the color point CD_2_4. In the second color point row to the right of the first color point row, the color point CD_2_5 is above the color point CD_2_6, the color point CD_2_6 is above the color point CD_2_7, and the color point CD_2_7 is above the color point CD_2_8. The color dots are electrically connected along the outer edge of the color dot matrix, except for the spacing between the color dots CD_2_1 and CD_2_5. In particular, the bottom right corner of the color point CD_2_5 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_2_6; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_2_6 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_2_7; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_2_7 is connected to the top of the color point CD_2_8 Right corner; the bottom left corner of color point CD_2_8 is connected to the bottom right corner of color point CD_2_4; the top left corner of color point CD_2_4 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_2_3; the top left corner of color point CD_2_3 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_2_2 The bottom left corner; and the top left corner of the color point CD_2_2 is connected to the bottom left corner of the color point CD_2_1.

[0216] The device element area DCA_2 located below the color points CD_2_4 and CD_2_8 is spaced from the color points CD_2_4 and CD_2_8 by a vertical dot pitch VDS2. The switching element SE_2 is located in the device element area DCA_2. The switching element SE_2 is coupled to the electrode of the color point of the color component CC_2 (that is, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_2_4, CD_2_5, CD_2_6, CD_2_7, CD_28) to control the voltage polarity and voltage of the color point of the color component CC_2 Quantity/size. The second color component CC_2 and the first color component CC_1 are vertically aligned, and are spaced from the first color component CC_1 by a second horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_2 and CC_1 are compensated by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1 , Where the horizontal color component offset is equal to the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 plus the horizontal dot spacing HDS2 plus twice the color dot width CDW. In an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal dot pitch HDS2 is greater than the horizontal dot pitch HDS1. In this embodiment, a signal line, such as a source line, is reserved for the switching element for a larger distance to operate the color components CC_1 and CC_2.

[0217] Especially with regard to the color points, the color points CD_2_1 and the color points CD_1_5 are aligned vertically, and are spaced horizontally by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2. Similarly, the color dots CD_2_2, CD_2_3, and CD_2_4 are aligned vertically with the color dots CD_1_6, CD_1_7, and CD_1_8, respectively, and are spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS2.

[0218] Similarly, the third color component CC_3 of the pixel 710 also has eight color points, which are arranged in a two-column matrix with four color points. The two rows are aligned vertically so that the eight color dots also form four color dot columns. In particular, in the first color point row, the color point CD_3_1 is above the color point CD_3_2, the color point CD_3_2 is above the color point CD_3_3, and the color point CD_3_3 is above the color point CD_3_4. In the second color point row to the right of the first color point row, the color point CD_3_5 is above the color point CD_3_6, the color point CD_3_6 is above the color point CD_3_7, and the color point CD_3_7 is above the color point CD_3_8. The color dots are electrically connected along the outer edge of the color dot matrix, except for the spacing between the color dots CD_3_1 and CD_3_5. In particular, the bottom right corner of the color point CD_3_5 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_3_6; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_3_6 is connected to the top right corner of the color point CD_3_7; the bottom right corner of the color point CD_3_7 is connected to the top of the color point CD_3_8 Right corner; the bottom left corner of color point CD_3_8 is connected to the bottom right corner of color point CD_3_4; the top left corner of color point CD_3_4 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_3_3; the top left corner of color point CD_3_3 is connected to the bottom left corner of color point CD_3_2 The bottom left corner; and the top left corner of the color point CD_3_2 is connected to the bottom left corner of the color point CD_3_1.

[0219] The device element area DCA_3 located below the color points CD_3_4 and CD_3_8 is spaced from the color points CD_3_4 and CD_3_8 by a vertical dot pitch VDS2. The switching element SE_3 is located in the device element area DCA_3. The switching element SE_3 is coupled to the electrode of the color point of the color component CC_3 (that is, the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, CD_3_4, CD_3_5, CD_3_6, CD_3_7, CD_3_8) to control the voltage polarity and voltage of the color point of the color component CC_3 Quantity/size. The third color component CC_3 and the second color component CC_2 are vertically aligned, and are spaced from the second color component CC_2 by a second horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_3 and CC_2 are compensated by the horizontal color component offset HCCO1. Especially with regard to the color point, the color point CD_3_1 and the color point CD_2_5 are aligned vertically, and are spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS2. Similarly, the color points CD_3_2, CD_3_3, and CD_3_4 are vertically aligned with the color points CD_2_6, CD_2_7, and CD_2_8, respectively, and are spaced horizontally with a horizontal dot pitch HDS2.

[0220] The pixel design 710 also includes cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1, EPFFA_2, and EPFFA_3. Figure 7c A more detailed view of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 representing the pixel design 710. For clarity, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is conceptually divided into a first vertical amplifying part VAP_1, a first horizontal amplifying part HAP_1, a second horizontal amplifying part HAP_2, a third horizontal amplifying part HAP_3, and a fourth Horizontal amplifying part HAP_4, a fifth horizontal amplifying part HAP_5, and a sixth horizontal amplifying part HAP_6. The horizontal amplifying part HAP_1 is adjacent to the vertical amplifying part VAP_1 and extends to the left. Vertically, the horizontal amplifying part HAP_1 is approximately located at a height of one quarter from the top of the vertical amplifying part VAP_1 (that is, VAP_H_1). The horizontal enlargement part HAP_2 is vertically on the center and extends to the left of the vertical enlargement part VAP_1. The vertical amplifying part HAP_3 is vertically located at approximately a quarter of a height from the bottom of the vertical amplifying part VAP_1 and extends to the left. The horizontal amplifying part HAP_4 is vertically aligned and adjacent to the horizontal amplifying part HAP_1, but extends to the right of the vertical amplifying part VAP_1. The horizontal amplifying part HAP_5 is vertically aligned and adjacent to the horizontal amplifying part HAP_2, but extends to the right of the vertical amplifying part VAP_1. The horizontal amplifying part HAP_6 is vertically aligned and adjacent to the horizontal amplifying part HAP_3, but extends to the right of the vertical amplifying part VAP_1. As mentioned above, the use of the horizontal amplifying part and the vertical amplifying part provides a clearer description of the setting of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1. The horizontal amplifying parts HAP_1, HAP_2, HAP_3, HAP_4, HAP_5, and HAP_6 respectively have horizontal amplifying part widths HAP_W_1, HAP_W_2, HAP_W_3, HAP_W_4, HAP_W_5, HAP_W_6, and horizontal amplifying part heights HAP_H_1, HAP_H_H_2, HAP_H_5, HAP_H_5, HAP_H_5, HAP_H_5, HAP_H_5. in Figure 7a-7d In the specific embodiment of, all horizontal enlargement parts have the same height, and all horizontal enlargement parts have the same width. The vertical amplifying part VAP_1 has a vertical amplifying part width VAP_W_1 and a vertical amplifying part height VAP_H_1. The cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2 and EPFFA_3 have the same shape as the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1.

[0221] Such as Figure 7a As shown, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1, EPFFA_2, and EPFFA_3 are respectively arranged in the color components CC_1, CC_2, and CC_3. However, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier is located on a different plane than the plane containing the color points. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 has been set so that the horizontal amplifying part HAP_1 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is located between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Due to the internal connection of the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2, the horizontal amplifying part HAP_1 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 does not extend to the right side of the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the horizontal amplifying part HAP_2 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is located between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3; the horizontal amplifying part HAP_3 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is located between the color points CD_1_3 and CD_1_4; the cross-plane discrete field The horizontal amplifying part HAP_4 of the amplifier EPFFA_1 is located between the color points CD_1_5 and CD_1_6; the horizontal amplifying part HAP_5 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is located between the color points CD_1_6 and CD_1_7; the horizontal amplifying part HAP_6 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is located The color point is between CD_1_7 and CD_1_8. The vertical amplifying part VAP_1 of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 is arranged between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_5, between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_6, between the color points CD_1_3 and CD_1_7, and between the color points CD_1_4 and CD_1_8. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 extends along the following positions: the right and bottom of the color point CD_1_1; the top, right and bottom of the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3; the top and right of the color point CD_1_4; the left and the right of the color point CD_1_5 Bottom; the top, left and bottom of the color points CD_1_6 and CD_1_7; and the top and left of the color points CD_1_8.

[0222] The cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2 and EPFFA_3 are respectively arranged in the color components CC_2 and CC_3, which are disposed in the color components CC_2 and CC_3 in the same manner as the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 described above.

[0223] The pixel design 710 has been designed so that a discrete field amplifier across the bit plane can receive polarity from neighboring pixels. In particular, a first conductor is coupled to a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to receive the polarity from the pixel above the current pixel, and a second conductor is coupled to the switching element to provide polarity to the pixel below the current pixel. A cross-plane discrete field amplifier. For example, the conductor 712 coupled to the trans-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 extends upward to connect to the conductor 713 of the pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity (please refer to Figure 7d ). The conductor 713 coupled to the switching element SE_1 extends downward to connect to the conductor 712 of the pixel under the current pixel. The conductors 714 and 715 serve the same purpose for the transplanar discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2, and the conductors 712 and 713 serve the same purpose for the transplanar discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1. Furthermore, the conductors 714 and 715 serve the same purpose for the transplanar discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3, and the conductors 716 and 717 serve the same purpose for the transplanar discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1.

[0224] The polarity of the color point, cross-plane discrete field amplifier and switching element is indicated by the "+" and "-" symbols. Therefore, in the positive dot polarity pattern that represents the pixel design 710+ Figure 7a In, switching elements SE_1 and SE_3; color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_1_4, CD_1_5, CD_1_6, CD_1_7, CD_1_8, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, CD_3_4, CD_3_5, CD_3_6, CD_3_7, and CD_3_8 across the field discrete amplifier; Has a positive polarity. However, the switching element SE_2; the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_2_4, CD_2_5, CD_2_6, CD_2_7, CD_2_8; and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1 and EPFFA_3 have negative polarity.

[0225] Figure 7b It represents a pixel design 710 with a negative dot polarity pattern. For negative dot polarity patterns, switching elements SE_1 and SE_3; color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_1_4, CD_1_5, CD_1_6, CD_1_7, CD_1_8, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, CD_3_4, CD_3_5, CD_3_6, CD_3_8, And the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2 has negative polarity. However, the switching element SE_2; the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, CD_2_4, CD_2_5, CD_2_6, CD_2_7, CD_2_8; and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1 and EPFFA_3 have positive polarity.

[0226] As mentioned above, if adjacent elements have opposite polarities, the discrete electric field at each color point will be amplified. The pixel design 710 utilizes a cross-plane discrete field amplifier to further enhance the formation of a multi-region liquid crystal structure. Generally speaking, the polarity of the polarized element has been designated so that a color point of a first polarity has an adjacent polarized element of the second polarity. More specifically, for the pixel design 710, each color point is surrounded on two or three sides by a portion of a cross-plane discrete field amplifier of an opposite polarity. Furthermore, the color point is also adjacent to a color point of opposite polarity. For example, for the positive dot polarity pattern of pixel design 710 ( Figure 7a ), the color point CD_1_6 has a positive polarity, and is adjacent to a certain part of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 (having a negative polarity) at the top, left and bottom of the color point CD_1_6. Furthermore, the color point CD_2_2 with negative polarity is on the right side of the color point CD_1_6. Therefore, the discrete electric field of the color point CD_1_6 is amplified.

[0227] use Figure 7a versus 7b The pixel design 710 of the pixel can be used in a display that uses a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. Figure 7d Represents a certain part of the display 720 of pixels P(10,10), P(11,10), P(10,11), P(11,11) using a pixel design 710 with a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism . The display 720 may have thousands of columns, each column having thousands of pixels. Column and row Figure 7d The middle part is continuous. For clarity, omitted in Figure 7d Control the gate line and source line of the switching element. To better illustrate each pixel, mask each pixel area; this mask is Figure 7d The is only for illustration purposes and does not have any functional significance. Furthermore, due to space constraints, Figure 7d The color point in is marked as "X_Y" to replace "CD_X_Y".

[0228] In the display 720, the pixels have been configured so that the pixels in a column switch the dot polarity pattern (positive or negative), and the pixels in a row also switch between the positive and negative dot polarity patterns. Therefore, the pixels P (10, 10) and P (11, 11) have positive dot polarity patterns, and the pixels P (10, 11) and P (11, 10) have negative dot polarity patterns. However, in the next page frame, its pixels switch point polarity patterns. Therefore, generally speaking, when x+y is an even number, the pixel P(x, y) has a first dot polarity pattern, and when x+y is an odd number, it has a second dot polarity pattern. The pixels on each pixel column are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally, so that the rightmost color point of a pixel is spaced from the leftmost color point of an adjacent pixel by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2. The pixels on each pixel row are aligned horizontally and spaced apart by a vertical dot pitch VDS3.

[0229] As described above, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of a first pixel receives polarity from the switching element of a second pixel. For example, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 of the pixel P (10, 10) is coupled to the pixel P (10, 11) via the conductor 712 of the pixel P (10, 10) and the conductor 713 of the pixel P (10, 11). , 11) the switching element SE_1. Similarly, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2 electrode of the pixel P(10, 10) is coupled to the pixel P(10, 10) via the conductor 714 of the pixel P(10, 10) and the conductor 715 of the pixel P(10, 11). 11) The switching element SE_2. Furthermore, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3 electrode of the pixel P (10, 10) is coupled to the pixel P (10, 11) via the conductor 716 of the pixel P (10, 10) and the conductor of the pixel P (10, 11). ) The switching element SE_3.

[0230] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the color dot has a width of 140 microns and a height of 420 microns. Each cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a vertical amplifying section width of 112 microns and a vertical amplifying section height of 380 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS2 is 16 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS2 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS3 is 30 microns. The amplifier depth pitch ADS is 0.4 microns.

[0231] Figure 8a versus 8b Represents the different dot polarity patterns of a pixel design 810, where the pixel design 810 is usually used in a display with a switching element dot inversion driving mechanism. In actual operation, a pixel will switch between a first dot polarity pattern and a second dot polarity pattern between each page frame. For clarity, the first color dot of the first color component has a positive dot polarity pattern, which is regarded as a positive dot polarity pattern. Conversely, the first color dot of the first color component has a negative dot polarity pattern and is regarded as a negative dot polarity pattern. especially in Figure 8a Pixel design 810 has a positive dot polarity pattern (labeled 810+), Figure 8b The middle pixel design 810 has a negative dot polarity pattern (labeled 810-). Furthermore, the polarity of each polarized element in different pixels is represented by "+" for positive polarity, and "-" for negative polarity.

[0232] The pixel design 810 has three color components CC_1, CC_2, CC_3. Each color component includes three color points. For clarity, the color point is represented as CD_X_Y, where X is a color component (in Figure 8a-8b From 1 to 3), and Y is a color point number (in Figure 8a-8b From 1 to 3). The pixel design 810 also includes a switching element for each color component (denoted as SE_1, SE_2, SE_3), and two polarized cross-plane discrete field amplifiers for each color component (denoted as EPFFA_I_J, where I is the color component, and J Is the cross-plane discrete field amplifier number) and the two associated points of each color component (labeled as AD_M_N, where M is the color component and N is the associated point number). The switching elements SE_1, SE_2, SE_3 are arranged in a row. A device element area is shown to surround each switching element SE_1, SE_2, SE_3, and is labeled as DCA_1, DCA_2, DCA_3, respectively.

[0233] The first color component CC_1 of the pixel design 810 has three color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3. The color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3 form a row, and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. In other words, the color dots CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Furthermore, the color dots CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are offset/shifted horizontally by a horizontal dot offset HDO1, where the horizontal dot offset HDO1 is equal to the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 plus the color dot width CDW. However, the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. In the pixel design 810, the switching element SE_1 is located under the color component CC_1. The switching element SE_1 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, and CD_1_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3.

[0234] Similarly, the second color component CC_2 of the pixel design 810 has three color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3. The color dots CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3 form a column, and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2. Similarly, the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3. The switching element SE_2 is located below the color component CC_2. The switching element SE_2 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, and CD_2_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3. The second color component CC_2 and the first color component CC_1 are vertically aligned, and are spaced from the first color component CC_1 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_2 and CC_1 are horizontally offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1. Offset, where the horizontal color component offset HCCO1 is equal to twice the horizontal dot pitch HDS1 plus three times the color dot width CDW plus the horizontal dot pitch HDS2.

[0235] Similarly, the third color component CC_3 of the pixel design 810 has three color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3. The color dots CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 form a column, and are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. Therefore, the color dots CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3 are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally by a horizontal dot pitch HDS1. However, the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_2. Similarly, the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3 are electrically connected to the bottom of the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. The switching element SE_3 is located below the color component CC_3. The switching element SE_3 is coupled to the electrodes of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3 to control the voltage polarity and the voltage amount/size of the color points CD_3_1, CD_3_2, and CD_3_3. The third color component CC_3 and the second color component CC_2 are aligned vertically, and are spaced apart from the second color component CC_2 by a horizontal dot pitch HDS2, so the color components CC_3 and CC_2 are horizontally offset by a horizontal color component offset HCCO1. Offset.

[0236] For clarity, the color points of the pixel design 810 are illustrated as color points with the same color point width CDW. Furthermore, all the color points in the pixel design 810 have the same color point height CDH. However, in some embodiments of the present invention, the color points can have different color point widths and different color point heights.

[0237] The pixel design 810 also includes cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2. In the pixel design 810, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a cross-plane discrete field amplifier width EPFFAW (in Figure 8a Not shown) and a cross-plane discrete field amplifier height EPFFAH (in Figure 8a Not shown in) rectangle.

[0238] Such as Figure 8a As shown, a cross-plane discrete field amplifier is placed between the color points of the pixel design 810. In particular, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 is placed between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2 is placed between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3. Similarly, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_1 is set between the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_2 is set between the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3; the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_1 is set between the color points CD_3_1 and CD_3_1. Between CD_3_2, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_2 is set between the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3. Although in Figure 8a and 8b Shows excellent point contact interplane discrete field amplifier, but in Figure 8c The cross-plane discrete field amplifiers of the pixel design 810 illustrated in Figure 2 are actually in different planes.

[0239] In particular, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier of pixel design 810 is below the color point. More specifically, the top of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier is separated from the bottom of the color dot by an amplifier depth pitch ADS. In other embodiments of the invention, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier may be above the color point. In these embodiments, the amplifier depth spacing ADS is measured from the top of the color point to the bottom of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier.

[0240] Therefore, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 can be described as being horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_1 and horizontally adjacent to the color point CD_1_2, but on a different plane relative to the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1 can also be described as lying horizontally between the color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2, but on the plane below the relative color points CD_1_1 and CD_1_2. Similarly, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_2_1, EPFFA_2_2, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2 are respectively and horizontally located between the color points CD_1_2 and CD_1_3, between the color points CD_2_1 and CD_2_2, between the color points CD_2_2 and CD_2_3, and between the color points. Between CD_3_1 and CD_3_2, between the color points CD_3_2 and CD_3_3, and located on different planes of the color points.

[0241] By using a cross-plane discrete field amplifier, the color points can be set closer than using polarized elements in the plane of the color points. Reduce the color point spacing to increase the brightness and contrast of the display.

[0242] For example, in the pixel design 810, the horizontal dot spacing HDS1 (that is, the spacing between color dots within a color component) is equal to the width of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier (EPFFA_W). Other embodiments of the present invention may even have color dots partially overlapped with the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers to further reduce the dot pitch. The cross-plane discrete field amplifier can be formed by using any conductor. However, in order to minimize the cost and process steps, generally speaking, the cross-plane discrete field amplifier is formed using a metal layer, which is used for the formation of the switching element.

[0243] The pixel design 810 may also include the associated points AD_1_1, AD_1_2, AD_2_1, AD_2_2, AD_3_1, and AD_3_2. In the pixel design 810, the associated point has an associated point width ADW (in Figure 8a Not shown in) and an associated point height ADH (in Figure 8a Not shown in) rectangle.

[0244] Such as Figure 8a As shown, the associated points are set to the left and right of each color component. In particular, the associated point AD_1_1 is set along the left side of the color point CD_1_1, and the associated point AD_1_2 is set along the right side of the color point CD_1_3. In particular, the associated point AD_1_1 is horizontally spaced from the left side of the color point CD_1_1 by a horizontal associated point spacing HADS1, and the associated point AD_1_2 is horizontally spaced from the right side of the color point CD_1_3. Similarly, the associated point AD_2_1 is set along the left side of the color point CD_2_1 and is horizontally spaced from the color point CD_1_2 by a horizontal associated point pitch HADS1; and the associated point AD_2_2 is set along the right side of the color point CD_2_3 and associates the points horizontally. The spacing HADS1 is horizontally spaced from the color point CD_2_3. Furthermore, the associated point AD_3_1 is set along the left side of the color point CD_3_1 and is horizontally spaced apart from the color point CD_3_1 by a horizontal associated point spacing HADS1; and the associated point AD_3_2 is set along the right side of the color point CD_3_3 and is horizontally associated with a dot spacing HADS1 It is spaced horizontally from the color point CD_3_3.

[0245] The pixel design 810 is configured so that the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers and associated points can receive polarity from a neighboring pixel. In particular, a first conductor is coupled to a cross-plane discrete field amplifier or an associated point to receive polarity from the pixel above the current pixel, and a second conductor is coupled to the switching element to provide polarity to the A cross-plane discrete field amplifier or an associated point of a pixel below the current pixel. In some embodiments of the invention, the conductor is coupled to a switching element via an internal interface conductor such as a color dot. For example, the conductor 811 coupled to the electrode of the associated point AD_1_1 extends upward to connect the conductor 821 of the pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity (please refer to Figure 8c ). The conductor 821 coupled to the switching element SE_1 via the color point CD_1_1 extends downward to connect to the conductor 811 of the pixel under the current pixel. The conductors 812 and 834 serve the same purpose for the associated point AD_1_2. The conductor 812 coupled to the pole of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1 extends upward to connect to the conductor 822 of a pixel above the current pixel to receive the polarity. The conductors 813 and 833 serve the same purpose for the EPFFA_1_1 cross-plane discrete field amplifier. Similarly, the conductors 814 and 824 serve the same purpose for the EPFFA_2_1 cross-plane discrete field amplifier.

[0246] Similarly, if the conductors 811 and 831 are used to associate the point AD_1_1, the conductors 815 and 835 are used to associate the point AD_2_1 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 812 and 832 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1, and the conductors 816 and 836 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_1 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 813 and 833 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2, and the conductors 817 and 837 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_2_2 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 814 and 834 are used to associate the point AD_1_2, and the conductors 818 and 838 are used to associate the point AD_2_2 for the same purpose.

[0247] Similarly, if the conductors 811 and 831 are used for the associated point AD_1_1, the conductors 819 and 839 are used for the associated point AD_3_1 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 812 and 832 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_1, and the conductors 820 and 840 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_1 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 813 and 833 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2, and the conductors 821 and 841 are used for the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_3_2 for the same purpose. For example, the conductors 814 and 834 are used to associate the point AD_1_2, and the conductors 822 and 842 are used to associate the point AD_4_2 for the same purpose.

[0248] The polarity of the color point, cross-plane discrete field amplifier and switching element are indicated by the symbols "+" and "-". Therefore, in the positive dot polarity pattern that represents the pixel design 810+ Figure 8a Among them, the switching elements SE_1 and SE_3, the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, the association points AD_2_1 and AD_2_2, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2_1 and EPFFA_2_2 have positive polarity. However, the switching elements SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, the associated points AD_1_1, AD_1_2, AD_3_1, AD_3_2, cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2 have negative polarity.

[0249] Figure 8b It represents a pixel design 810 with a negative dot polarity pattern. For negative dot polarity patterns, the switching elements SE_1 and SE_3, the color points CD_1_1, CD_1_2, CD_1_3, CD_3_1, CD_3_2, CD_3_3, the associated points AD_2_1 and AD_2_2, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_2_1 and EPFFA_2_2 have negative polarity. However, the switching elements SE_2, the color points CD_2_1, CD_2_2, CD_2_3, the associated points AD_1_1, AD_1_2, AD_3_1, AD_3_2, and the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers EPFFA_1_1, EPFFA_1_2, EPFFA_3_1, EPFFA_3_2 have positive polarity.

[0250] As mentioned above, if adjacent elements have opposite polarities, the discrete electric field at each color point is amplified. The pixel design 810 uses associated points and cross-plane discrete field amplifiers to enhance and stabilize the formation of multiple regions in the liquid crystal structure. Generally speaking, the polarity of the polarized element has been designated so that a color point of a first polarity has an adjacent polarized element of the second polarity. For example, for pixel design 810 ( Figure 8a For the positive dot polarity pattern of ), the color dot CD_1_3 has a positive polarity. However, the adjacent polarized elements (the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFFA_1_2 and the associated point AD_2_1) have negative polarity. Therefore, the discrete electric field of the color point CD_1_3 is amplified.

[0251] use Figure 8a versus 8b The pixel design of 810 pixels can be used in displays that use switching element dot inversion drive mechanism. Figure 8c Represents a part of the display 850, and the display 850 uses the pixels P(0,0), P(1,0), P(0,1), P(1, 1). The display 850 may have thousands of columns, each column having thousands of pixels. Rows and columns follow Figure 8c The part shown in is continuous. For clarity, the gate line and source line that control the switching element are Figure 8c Omitted in. To better illustrate each pixel, the area of ​​each pixel is shaded; this shade is Figure 8c This is for illustration purposes only and has no functional significance. In the display 850, the pixels have been arranged to switch the dot polarity pattern (positive or negative) between the pixels in the same column, and the pixels in the same row also switch between the positive and negative dot polarity patterns. Therefore, the pixels P(0,1) and P(1,0) have positive dot polarity patterns, and the pixels P(0,0) and P(1,1) have negative dot polarity patterns. However, the pixel in the next page box switches the dot polarity pattern. Therefore, generally speaking, when x+y is an even number, a pixel P(x, y) has a first dot polarity pattern; when x+y is an odd number, it has a second dot polarity pattern. The pixels in each pixel column are aligned vertically and spaced horizontally, so that the rightmost color point of a pixel and the leftmost color point of an adjacent pixel are spaced apart by a horizontal dot pitch HDS3. The pixels on a pixel row are aligned horizontally and spaced apart by a vertical dot pitch VDS3.

[0252] As described above, the cross-plane discrete field amplifiers and associated points of the first pixel receive polarity from the switching element of a second pixel. For example, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_1_2 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P via the conductor 813 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 833 of the pixel P(0,1) (0,1) switching element SE_1. Similarly, the electrode of the cross-plane discrete field amplifier EPFAA_3_1 of the pixel P(0,0) is coupled to the pixel P(0,0) via the conductor 820 of the pixel P(0,0) and the conductor 840 of the pixel P(0,1). 0, 1) switching element SE_3. Furthermore, as described above, the polarity of the polarized element adjacent to a color point having a first polarity has a second polarity.

[0253] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, each color dot has a width of 140 microns and a height of 420 microns. Each cross-plane discrete field amplifier has a width of 4 micrometers and a height of 375 micrometers. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS1 is 4 microns. The vertical dot pitch VDS3 is 30 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS1 is 4 microns. The horizontal dot pitch HDS2 is 25 microns. The horizontal associated dot pitch HADS1 is 4 microns. The horizontal correlation point spacing HADS2 is 9 microns. The width of the associated points is 4 microns. The height of the associated point is 375 microns. The amplifier depth pitch ADS is 0.4 microns.

[0254] In another embodiment of the present invention, the associated points of the pixel design 810 are replaced by interplanetary discrete field amplifiers, and the interplanetary discrete field amplifiers are located in a plane below the plane containing the color points.

[0255] Even so, the multi-region vertical alignment liquid crystal display (AIFF MVA LCD) according to the present invention provides a low-cost wide viewing angle. In some embodiments of the present invention, optical compensation methods are used to Further increase the viewing angle. For example, some embodiments of the present invention use a negative birefringent optical compensation film with a vertical optical axis on the top substrate or the bottom substrate, or on both the top and bottom substrates. birefringence optical film). Other embodiments use a single optical axis optical compensation film or a dual optical axis optical compensation film with negative birefringence. In some embodiments, a positive compensation film with a parallel optical axis can be attached to a negative birefringent film with a perpendicular optical axis. Furthermore, it is also possible to use multiple films including all the bonds. Other embodiments can use a circular polarizer to improve light transmission and viewing angle. In other embodiments, a circular polarizer plate with an optical compensation film may be used to further improve the optical transmission and viewing angle. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present invention use a black matrix (BM) to cover the discrete field amplification area (FFARs), so that the discrete field amplification area becomes opaque. The use of the black matrix improves the contrast ratio of the display and can provide better color performance. In other embodiments, some or all of the black matrix may be removed (or omitted) to make the discrete field amplification area transparent, which improves the light transmittance in the display. The improved light transmittance can reduce the power requirement of the display.

[0256] In different embodiments of the present invention, novel structures and methods have been described that do not need to use physical properties in the structure to produce a multi-region vertical alignment liquid crystal display. As described above, the different embodiments of the structure and method of the present invention only illustrate the principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the specific embodiments described. For example, from this disclosure, those skilled in the art can define other pixel definitions, dot polarity patterns, pixel designs, color components, discrete field amplification areas, vertical amplification parts, horizontal amplification parts, polarities, discrete fields, Electrodes, substrates, membranes, etc., and use these alternating characteristics in accordance with the principles of the present invention to create a method or system. Therefore, the present invention is only limited by the scope of patent applications described later.

[0257] Of course, the present invention can also have various other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes Both of and deformation shall belong to the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.