A low-temperature propellant rapid supercooling device

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick supercooling device for a cryogenic propellant. The quick supercooling device comprises a storage tank assembly filled with the cryogenic propellant, wherein the cryogenic propellant forms a gaseous phase, a gas-liquid interface and a liquid phase on the storage tank assembly; a baffle assembly is arranged in the gaseous phase; a throttling assembly is arranged below the baffle assembly; a decompressing and evacuating assembly is arranged above the baffle assembly; and a decompressing, evacuating and refrigerating process is combined with an insulating, throttling and refrigerating process, so that a quick supercooling effect of the cryogenic propellant is realized. According to the quick supercooling device disclosed by the invention, supercooling time of the cryogenic propellant can be greatly shortened, and the preparation cycle of each tank is shortened; in addition, supercooling temperature can be reduced to the near three-phase-point temperature, or even slurry and liquid exist; and the quick supercooling device provides ground maintenance and technical support for intensive and efficient launching of large lift launch vehicles or heavy lift launch vehicles.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature propellant supercooling, in particular to a low-temperature propellant rapid supercooling device. Background technique [0002] Cryogenic propellants (such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, etc.) have become the most widely used group of propellants for large launch vehicles due to their advantages of non-toxicity, pollution-free, low cost, high specific impulse, and high thrust. The specific impulse is 30% to 40% higher than that of normal temperature propellants. At present, most of the thermodynamic states of low-temperature propellants are around the boiling point, and their thermophysical properties are obviously insufficient, especially for liquid hydrogen. The outstanding disadvantages are: low density and sensible cooling per unit volume. In order to improve the thermodynamic performance of the low-temperature propellant, supercooling is used to improve the defici...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

At present, most of the thermodynamic states of low-temperature propellants are near the boiling point, and their thermophysical properties are obviously insufficient, especially for liquid hydrogen. The outstanding disadvantages are: low density and sensible cooling capacity per unit volume

When the pumping speed of the vacuum pump is increased, it will bring two fatal consequences to the system: ① It will cause the storage tank to vibrate violently. Due to the increase of the pumping speed, the pressure of the air pillow in the storage tank will decrease rapidly, and the gas-liquid interface in the storage tank will occur. Violent boiling, like water boiling in an electric kettle, causes strong vibrations in large storage tanks, which can cause loose screws and parts to fall, or cause resonance, weld cracks, and low-temperature propellant leakage; ② cause low-temperature propellant The temperature is seriously stratified, especially near the triple point. Due to the fast pumping speed, the liquid at the gas-liquid interface in the storage tank will freeze, and the liquid at the bottom is actually not supercooled.

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