High-efficiency all-oxygen iron furnace

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary, and are only used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it needs to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, not It indicates or implies that the pointed device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0056] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be mechanically connected or electrically connected, or two The internal communication of the elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0058] See Figure 1-Figure 12 , Figure 1-Figure 12 What is disclosed is a high-efficiency all-oxygen ironmaking furnace, which includes a molten pool 1, a heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 and a speed reduction filter cover 3 which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and are arranged in a dumbbell shape as a whole. The molten pool 1, heat exchange The interiors of the reduction cylinder 2 and the deceleration filter cover 3 are interpenetrated with each other; the upper part 11 of the molten pool 1 is provided with 8 oxygen-coal spray guns 111 inclined downward (of course, the number of the oxygen-coal spray guns 111 can also be 1 Choose from the above positive integers), the side of the lower part 12 of the molten pool 1 is provided with 4 tapping openings 121 (more than one tapping opening 121 can be set as required) and 4 slagging openings 122 (as required More than one slag outlet 122) is provided; the interior 13 of the molten pool 1 is divided into a molten iron layer 131, a slag layer 132, a coke layer 133 and a combustion layer 134 from bottom to top; on the top of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is provided 4 cold air spray guns 21 (the cold air spray gun 21 can be selected from a positive integer of 2 or more according to needs), and 8 first oxygen lances 22 are provided in the middle and upper part of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 (the first oxygen lance 22 is required It can be selected from a positive integer greater than 2), and/or 4 second oxygen lances 23 are provided at the bottom of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 (the second oxygen lance 23 can be selected from a positive integer greater than 2 according to needs) ); The lower part 31 of the speed reduction filter cover 3 is in the shape of a funnel, the upper part 32 of the speed reduction filter cover 3 is a spherical or inverted funnel shape, and the speed reduction filter cover 3 is provided with a filter material for carrying 33 of the filter structure 34 (see Figure 10-Figure 15 ), the filter structure 34 is provided with a number of micropores 341 for gas (here gas refers to the high-temperature gas from the molten pool) to pass through and 5 controllable filter material discharge holes 342 (see Figure 13-15 ), in this embodiment, the filter structure 34 is in the shape of a pot, and the micropores 341 and the controllable filter material discharge hole 342 are provided on the bottom of the pot ( Figure 13 For the convenience of the view in the middle, only a part of the micropores 341 are drawn. In fact, the micropores 341 cover the entire bottom of the pot). A filter material 33 is installed in the pot. The deceleration filter cover 3 is provided with one exhaust gas discharge port 35 and four filter material feed ports 36 (the filter material feed ports 36 can be set to more than one according to the needs); the filter under the filter structure 34 Four mineral material nozzles 37 are provided on the deceleration filter cover 3 (the mineral material nozzles 37 can be set to more than one according to needs).

[0059] The present invention adopts the molten pool 1, the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 and the deceleration filter cover 3 which are connected sequentially from bottom to top, which are arranged in a dumbbell shape as a whole, and are equipped with oxygen lances at the upper or/and bottom of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2. The structure solves the problem of a long iron smelting cycle (4-6 hours) in the traditional blast furnace; the present invention can adjust the gas pressure and gas flow rate in the furnace by increasing the structure of the furnace pressure and flow rate control system 4 to control the mine The lowering speed of the material and the control of the reaction time solve the inefficiency caused by the uncontrollable reaction of the existing smelting reduction process (COREX and FINEX) (the pressure, flow rate and reaction process in the furnace cannot be quickly adjusted); the present invention adopts a cold air spray gun , According to need, spray the cooling medium into the upper part of the heat exchange reduction cylinder to keep the temperature of the upper part of the heat exchange reduction cylinder at the specified requirements, such as 300 degrees Celsius, which solves the heat exchange in the flash ironmaking process in the experimental stage Unreasonable cause the tail temperature to be too high (about 1500 degrees Celsius); the use of a filter layer and the control of the particle size of the mineral material within the range of 0.1-1mm can solve the problem that the particle size of the flash iron smelting process is too small (average 0.074mm). Engineering problems such as high exhaust dust (about 10% or more).

[0060] Preferably, the pulverized coal and oxygen sprayed into the molten pool 1 by the oxy-coal spray gun 21, the reducing gas above 1500 degrees Celsius generated by the combustion in the combustion layer 134, is formed into 45-60 degrees along the horizontal plane. 0 Angle down, spray into the coke layer 133 and slag layer 132 in the molten pool 1 at a speed of 50~200m/s. The reducing gas agitates the coke layer 133 and the slag layer 132 to provide melting heat to the inside of the molten pool 1, and The residual FeO in the slag layer 132 is reduced; in this way, the generation of dust can be reduced, and the output of iron can be increased.

[0061] Preferably, the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is a cylindrical structure with a constant cross-section, which is designed as a cylindrical structure with a constant cross-section, which is beneficial to the rise of high-temperature reducing gas and accelerates the removal of the filter material and mineral material from top to bottom. Heat exchange and reduction reaction to mineral materials.

[0062] Preferably, the lower portion 12 of the molten pool 1 is cylindrical or polygonal, and the upper portion 11 of the molten pool 1 is spherical, conical or polygonal.

[0063] Preferably, the number of oxy-coal spray guns is 1-32.

[0064] Preferably, the number of the iron tapping opening 121 is 1-4, and the number of the slag discharge opening 122 is 1-4.

[0065] Preferably, the inner diameter of the molten pool 1 is selected between 6-20 meters, and the height of the molten pool 1 is selected between 4-6 meters.

[0066] Preferably, the number of cold air spray guns 21 is 2-8.

[0067] Preferably, there are 2-8 first oxygen lances 22.

[0068] Preferably, there are 2-4 second oxygen lances 23.

[0069] Preferably, the inner diameter of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is 0.5 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the molten pool 1, which is beneficial to the rise of the reducing gas.

[0070] Preferably, the inner diameter of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is selected between 2-16 meters, and the height of the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is selected between 5-30 meters, which can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0071] Preferably, a plurality of fin-shaped baffles 24 are arranged in the radial direction in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2, and a plurality of fin-shaped baffles 24 are arranged in the axial direction in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2, and adjacent layers The fin-shaped baffle 24 between them is staggered and distributed; the air flow is disturbed by the fin-shaped baffle 24 to generate a specific flow rate and flow direction, such as an S-shaped updraft or a ring-shaped upward rotating updraft. Increasing the structure of the fin-shaped baffle 24 can prolong the residence time of the reducing gas rising at a high temperature in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 to achieve the purpose of increasing the heat exchange time and reaction time.

[0072] Preferably, the number of the radially arranged fin-shaped baffles 24 is selected between 10-100.

[0073] Preferably, the number of layers of the fin-shaped baffle 24 arranged along the axial direction is selected between 2 and 20 layers.

[0074] Preferably, the horizontal deflection angle α of the first oxygen lance 22 along the radial direction of the plane is 30-60 0; The second oxygen lance 23 along the radial direction of the plane where the horizontal deflection angle α is 30~60 0. This design allows oxygen to enter the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 and quickly become a circulating state to increase the reaction time to the mineral material (see Figure 16 ).

[0075] Preferably, the cooling medium sprayed by the cold air spray gun 21 is room temperature nitrogen or coal gas.

[0076] Preferably, there are 2 to 8 filter material feeding ports 36, which are arranged in a ring shape.

[0077] Preferably, there are 2-8 mineral material nozzles 37, which are arranged in a ring shape;

[0078] Preferably, the inner diameter of the speed reduction filter cover 3 is selected between 6-20 meters, and the height of the speed reduction filter cover 3 is selected between 6-10 meters.

[0079] Preferably, the maximum inner diameter of the deceleration filter cover 3 is 1.2 to 2 times the inner diameter of the heat exchange reduction cylinder; the gas flowing into the deceleration filter cover from the heat exchange reduction cylinder is decelerated and filtered in the deceleration filter cover and then exits the exhaust gas discharge port 35 discharge.

[0080] Preferably, there are 2-8 controllable filter material discharge holes 342.

[0081] Preferably, the thickness of the filter material 33 is selected between 1 to 3 meters, and the filter material 33 is coke or porous ceramic. When the filter material 33 is coke, on the one hand, the coke can be used to adsorb dust in the high-temperature gas, and on the other hand, it can be used as a supplement to the coke layer of the furnace 1, as a material for carburizing and reduction.

[0082] Preferably, the average particle size of the mineral material is selected between 0.1 and 1 mm. The reason that the average particle size of the mineral material is determined to be between 0.1 and 1 mm is because: through a large number of experiments, it is found that the particle size of the mineral material in this range can achieve rapid response (reaction time of about ten seconds) and smooth fall. The industrial process is realized. In addition, when the particle size is less than 0.1mm, the mineral material will float as dust and cannot fall, which will affect the realization of the industrial process.

[0083] See Figure 17 , The present invention also includes a furnace pressure and flow rate control system 4, the furnace pressure and flow rate control system 4 includes a control unit 41, a gas pressure sensor 42, a gas flow velocity sensor 43, a tail gas discharge port regulating valve 44, and a first actuator 45. The second actuator 45 and the third actuator 45; the gas pressure sensor 42 and the air flow speed sensor 43 are arranged in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 and are electrically connected to the control unit 41; the control unit 41 After receiving the real-time pressure value and the real-time flow rate value respectively transmitted by the gas pressure sensor 42 and the airflow velocity sensor 43, they are compared with the standard pressure value and standard flow rate value pre-stored in the control unit 41, and according to the comparison result, or Simultaneously control the tail gas discharge port regulating valve 44, the first actuator 45, the second actuator 45 and the third actuator 45 to work. The first actuator 45, the second actuator 45 and the third actuator 45 respectively control the cold air spray gun 21 1. The coal oxygen lance 111 and the first oxygen lance 22/the second oxygen lance 23 work to maintain the pressure and flow rate in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 in a normal working state.

[0084] Such as Figure 17 As shown, when the control unit 41 detects a decrease in pressure, it will issue an instruction to decrease the flow rate to the tail gas discharge port regulating valve 44, and increase the pressure through a smaller flow rate; otherwise, issue an instruction to increase the flow rate. When the control unit 41 detects that the air flow velocity in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is too high, it will issue an instruction to reduce the amount of oxygen coal injected to the oxygen coal gun, the gas flow rate will decrease, and the pressure will decrease simultaneously; the pressure decrease will trigger the reduction of the control valve action The flow increases the pressure. On the contrary, it will increase the amount of oxygen-coal injection, which increases the flow rate and pressure. In the same way, the flow and pressure disturbance of the air conditioner and oxygen lance can be controlled by the regulating valve.

[0085] Preferably, the normal operating pressure in the heat exchange reduction cylinder 2 is 0-5 atmospheres, the operating pressure is determined according to the production efficiency, and the production efficiency is proportional to the pressure.