Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a cathode structure of an energy-saving aluminium cell, which belongs to the technical field of aluminium cells. The cathode structure comprises a pot shell and a lining, and the lining mainly comprises cathode carbon blocks, side linings, a bottom lining and rammed paste. The cathode structure has the following characteristics that: the high and the low cathode carbon blocks are arranged in the same cell, so that the upper surface of the cathode is rugged, cathode steel rods are mounted perpendicular to the cathode carbon blocks, and the cathode steel rods vertically penetrate the bottoms of the cathode carbon blocks, and penetrate the bottom of the cell. The cathode structure divides aluminium liquid in a plurality of small aluminium baths, thus effectively constraining the flow and fluctuation of the aluminium liquid due to the effect of electromagnetic force and enhancing the stability of the cell, and the height of the aluminium liquid and the electrode distance can be reduced; the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid is almost eliminated, the stability of the cell is enhanced, meanwhile, the conductive path of the cathode is shortened, and the voltage drop of the cathode is reduced; and the cathode structure increases the current efficiency, and has the effects of energy saving and consumption reduction.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, belonging to the technical field of aluminum electrolytic cells. Background technique [0002] The Hall-Heroult electrolyser currently used for aluminum industry production uses carbon anodes and carbon block cathodes to produce aluminum by electrolysis of molten alumina. The electrolyte consists mainly of cryolite and alumina melt, in addition to aluminum fluoride dissolved in it. and other fluoride salts. The electrolytically separated aluminum is accumulated on the upper part of the cathode of the carbon block at the bottom of the tank, forming an aluminum liquid layer and serving as a part of the cathode. Since the molten aluminum in the electrolytic cell moves under the influence of the electromagnetic field in the workshop, it is necessary to maintain a certain height of the molten aluminum to reduce the fluctuation of the contact interface with the electrolyte. At p...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the current efficiency of the existing electrolyzers is mostly between 90% and 96%, and the space for improving the current efficiency is limited.

At present, the pole distance of the aluminum electrolytic cell is generally about 4.5-5cm, and the voltage drop caused by the pole distance is about 40% of the total energy consumption. The reduction of the pole distance provides a lot of space for energy saving and consumption reduction. Due to the limitation of the structure and the reduction of the pole distance, due to the influence of the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid electrolyte interface caused by the magnetic field, the electrolytic cell will become unstable, lose current efficiency, and it is difficult to achieve the purpose of energy saving

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