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Method and device of vector noise reduction of multi-component seismic data

A seismic data and multi-component technology, applied in the field of geophysical exploration, can solve the problems of effective signal loss, slow surface wave attenuation, long propagation distance, etc., and achieve the effect of improving accuracy, improving accuracy, and completely removing

Inactive Publication Date: 2013-06-05
PETROCHINA CO LTD
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  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] ①The surface wave mainly propagates along the interface of the medium, and its energy attenuates rapidly with the increase of depth, but on the surface of the medium, the attenuation of the surface wave is very slow, and the propagation distance is very far
[0010] Due to the above characteristics of surface waves, in the process of surface wave suppression, traditional conventional surface wave suppression methods include high-pass filter method, Karhunen-Loeve transform method and τ-p transform method, but there are still the following technical difficulties: (1) conventional The typical denoising tools such as the threshold method and low-pass filter are designed based on the suppression of high-frequency detail noise, and are not suitable for the suppression of surface waves in the low-frequency domain; (2) due to the low-frequency The components are seriously confused, and the conventional surface wave suppression method is very easy to cause the loss of effective signals; (3) From a mathematical point of view, there is a certain correlation between the surface wave and the low-frequency component of the effective wave, and may appear as the same frequency under local conditions , the same energy level, therefore, it is difficult to accurately separate the low-frequency components of the surface wave and the effective wave during the surface wave suppression process
[0011] In addition, multi-component seismic data is more complex than single-component data, and the seismic wave types and energy strengths included in different components are different, and the noise suppression process faces greater challenges

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  • Method and device of vector noise reduction of multi-component seismic data
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  • Method and device of vector noise reduction of multi-component seismic data

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Experimental program
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Embodiment approach

[0084] 1. In Embodiment 1, the filtering device 500 filters random noise and spikes in the seismic signal according to the vector soft thresholding method of wavelet analysis. In this embodiment, the vector soft thresholding method of wavelet analysis is performed by the following formula:

[0085] D soft i = 0 if | D i | λ i D i if | D i | ≥ λ ...

Embodiment 1

[0102] Embodiment 1: Three-component record vector noise reduction processing of single-channel seismic wave

[0103] Apply a vector noise reduction method and equipment technology for multi-component seismic data provided by the present invention to perform vector noise reduction processing on three-component single-track seismic records, Figure 5 As the initial unprocessed three-component single-track record, transform it into the seismic record in the modulus domain and angle domain as Figure 6 As shown, after the vector denoising process of multi-component seismic data (such as figure 1 ), after suppressing random noise and surface waves, and compensating the effective waves, the processed single-channel record is as follows Figure 7 shown.

Embodiment 2

[0104] Example 2: Vector noise reduction processing of pre-stack three-component seismic records

[0105] The method and equipment for vector noise reduction of multi-component seismic data provided by the present invention are used to perform vector noise reduction processing on three-component pre-stack seismic sections. Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 is the initial three-component record with noise, after the vector noise reduction processing of multi-component seismic data (such as figure 1 ), to obtain the processed three-component seismic section, such as Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 shown. It can be seen from the comparison that the low-frequency surface waves have been basically effectively suppressed from the three-component recording profiles, and the surface wave removal rate is above 95%. Moreover, after the compensation processing of the effective signal, the Figure 13 A clear reflected wave event can be observed on the vertical section. Moreo...

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device of vector noise reduction of multi-component seismic data. The method comprises the following steps: collecting the multi-component seismic data; carrying out wavelet decomposition on the multi-component seismic data to obtain multi-scale seismic signals; confirming a vector module value and an angle cosine which correspond to each scale seismic signal; filtering stochastic noise and sharp pulses in the seismic signals according to a vector threshold value method; carrying out surface wave suppress and effective wave compensation on the seismic signals which filter the stochastic noise and the sharp pulses; carrying out wavelet reconstruction according to the seismic signals after the surface wave suppress and the effective wave compensation and the angle cosine to obtain the multi-component seismic data after a treatment of the vector noise reduction. Due to the fact that the wavelet decomposition is carried out on the multi-component seismic data, recognition accuracy of the effective signals and noise in simple-component data processing can be improved, and an effect that the surface wave is removed and the effective wave is compensated is achieved accurately and completely.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to the processing technology of seismic data, specifically a vector noise reduction method and equipment for multi-component seismic data. Background technique [0002] Seismic data carry a large amount of formation information, which can be used to study the rock properties and fluid properties of the formation, and then understand the underground geological conditions. However, in addition to the limited bandwidth of seismic wavelets in seismic data, due to the influence of correlated noise (including surface waves, multiple waves, and power frequency interference, etc.) It is difficult to clearly reflect the information of formation conditions. Therefore, in the process of seismic data processing, how to effectively eliminate various noises is an extremely critical issue. [0003] The random noise aliased in the effective signal is one of the factors tha...

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01V1/28G01V1/36
Inventor 巴晶袁振宇陈志勇姚逢昌
Owner PETROCHINA CO LTD