The invention discloses a load recovery optimization method considering a unit state in a system recovery process. Load optimization considering the unit state is established by utilizing a logic preference description language, a nonlinear model of load recovery is established, the model is solved by adopting an artificial bee colony algorithm, and a load recovery line and time considering the unit state are obtained. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, constructing a load optimization grading knowledge base considering a unit state in a system recovery process, 2, establishing aload optimization preference strategy set considering the unit state in the system recovery process, 3, establishing a load recovery optimization model considering the unit state in the system recovery process, and 4, solving the load recovery optimization model by adopting an artificial bee colony algorithm to obtain a recovery line and time of the load considering the unit state in the system recovery process. According to the method, load recovery in the system recovery process can be optimized, important loads are ensured to be rapidly recovered, and a reasonable load recovery scheme is provided.