Mechanical ecological fertile soil crop rotation planting agricultural technology for wheat and corn

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical ecological fertile soil crop rotation planting agricultural technology for wheat and corn. The technology is characterized in that a cropland is divided according to the specification that the land width is 2.4m and the ridge width is 0.3m, and crop rotation planting of the wheat and the corn is conducted according to a crop rotation planting period of 5 years. The wheat is sown according to the sowing mode that 8 rows are formed in each land, the seedling belt width is 12cm, and the line distance is 28cm. The corn is sown according to the sowing mode that four rows are formed in each land, the gap between the middle two rows is 56cm, and the gaps between two rows on the left side and the right side are 60cm. In the first year of the crop rotation period, corn straws are smashed and returned to the land, and soil is deeply ploughed and turned. Wheat sowing adopts a seedling belt type sowing machine to conduct wide-row-gap wide-seedling-belt sowing. In the second, third, fourth and fifth year of the crop rotation period, the wheat sowing adopts a seedling belt type sowing machine with a straw smashing device on the front portion to conduct wide-row-gap wide-seedling-belt sowing. Corn sowing adopts a corn sowing machine with a seedling belt cleaning device to conduct sowing, and deep scarification is conducted on rows alternatively in the third year and the fourth year.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention involves a new agronomy of mechanized ecological planting and fertile soil production in the wheat corn rotation area, which belongs to the field of crop rotation as farming technology. Background technique [0002] At present, there are two main cultivation methods for planting in the domestic wheat corn rotation area. One is the rotation process of traditional cultivation methods, namely corn straw treatment -farmland turning -the rotary plowing is flat -wheat sowing -wheat -wheat -wheat -wheat -wheat -wheat -wheat -wheatHarvest — Strang crushed -farmland flip -corn sowing -corn harvest, this planting agriculture is cumbersome, and the entire rotation process is divided into fineness, which not only increases the number of agricultural machinery operations and energy consumptionThe problem of the surface grain structure of the surface layer, the degradation of the soil layer, the severe loss of soil and the soil, and other problems, which is...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] At present, there are mainly two cultivation methods in domestic wheat and corn rotation areas. One is the rotation cultivation technology under the traditional intensive cultivation method, that is, corn stalk treatment-deep plowing of farmland-rotary tillage leveling-wheat sowing-wheat Harvesting - straw crushing - deep plowing of farmland - corn sowing - corn harvesting, this planting agronomy is relatively cumbersome, and the entire rotation process is divided too finely, which not only increases the number of agricultural machinery operations and energy consumption, but also leads to serious hardening of the plow bottom of the farmland , the surface soil aggregate structure is finely broken, soil fertility degradation, serious soil erosion and other problems are not conducive to the stable and high yield of wheat and corn; the other is conservation tillage agronomy, that is, corn harvesting-straw crushing and returning to the field-wheat no-tillage sowing ——wheat harvesting—corn no-tillage sowing, the process only includes corn stalk crushing and returning to the field, wheat no-tillage sowing and corn no-tillage sowing, which simplifies planting agronomy and saves farming time, but perennial conservation tillage will lead to Soil surface compaction, accumulation of diseases and insect pests, increased dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, serious pollution of the atmosphere and farmland ecological environment, and due to water erosion and runoff are not conducive to moisture conservation and water storage in farmland, it is difficult to achieve continuous increase in yield and quality improvement of wheat and corn

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