Double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolytic cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolysis cell, and relates to the improvement on aluminum electrolysis cell production with aluminum as a cathode, with cryolite aluminum monoxide melt as an electrolyte and through a molten salt method. The double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolysis cell structurally comprises a prebaked anode, a discharging device and a dust purifying device. The double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolysis cell is characterized in that the structure of a cathode system of the double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolysis cell comprises an electrolysis cell body, two cathode partition walls, a cathode busbar and a cathode horizontal partition plate, wherein the two cathode partition walls are arranged in cell ledges at the two ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body and fixedly connected with the inner walls of the side cell ledges of the electrolysis cell body, the cathode busbar enters the electrolysis cell body from side channels formed by the cathode partition walls and the inner walls of the cell ledges at the ends of the aluminum electrolysis cell body, and the cathode horizontal partition plate is located in the electrolysis cell body and provided with molten aluminum through holes. According to the double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolysis cell, molten aluminum in which no cathode carbon block, no steel bar and no titanium boride coating exist is adopted as the cathode to replace a cathode composed of steel bars and a carbon block set. The defects that according to a traditional aluminum electrolysis cell, aluminum oxide deposit exists on cathode carbon blocks and cellular micro-batteries exist are eliminated. In the electrolysis production process, the problem that aluminum oxide and aluminum carbide which are deposited and generated at the furnace bottom pollute electrolysis molten aluminum does not exist.

Description

technical field [0001] The double-layer aluminum cathode aluminum electrolytic cell relates to an improvement of an aluminum electrolytic cell produced by using aluminum as a cathode, cryolite-alumina melt as an electrolyte, and a molten salt method. Background technique [0002] Aluminum is the non-ferrous metal with the largest output and consumption, and the second largest metal structural material after steel. It has an extremely important strategic position in national economy and national defense construction. At present, my country's electrolytic aluminum production ranks first in the world. The production of electrolytic aluminum uses cryolite-alumina melt as the electrolyte, carbon as the anode, and a cathode system composed of liquid aluminum, cathode carbon block, and cathode steel rod as the cathode. When a direct current is passed, CO is precipitated at the anode. 2 gas, and liquid aluminum is precipitated at the cathode. The basic reaction of aluminum electro...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Under the process conditions of aluminum electrolysis at 950-960°C, the theoretical power consumption of aluminum electrolysis is about 6300kw h / (t Al), and the energy utilization efficiency is less than 36%. The schematic diagram of the traditional aluminum electrolysis cell is shown in figure 1

[0006] To sum up, in the traditional aluminum electrolytic cell whose cathode is composed of aluminum liquid and cathode carbon block group, the voltage drop of the cathode steel rod accounts for about 49% of the voltage drop at the bottom of the furnace, which greatly increases the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis; During the process, the infiltrated electrolyte forms a non-conductive solid electrolyte layer at the carbon-steel contact part, which causes a sharp increase in the carbon-steel contact pressure drop and increases the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis.

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