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Prestack depth migration method and device

A pre-stack depth migration and pre-stack seismic technology, applied in the field of seismic exploration, can solve the problems of low resolution and low resolution of migration imaging results, no compensation for viscous absorption amplitude attenuation, etc., and achieve the effect of improving the resolution ability.

Active Publication Date: 2018-12-25
INST OF GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
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  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

This also leads to the effective frequency band of the received reflection seismic data gradually narrowing with the reflection depth; and different frequency components propagate at different speeds, which also leads to the dispersion of seismic wavelets. This dispersion phenomenon is also the deeper the reflection structure is. The more severe the dispersion
[0003] Since the conventional prestack depth migration method does not compensate for the amplitude attenuation caused by viscous absorption and does not correct for dispersion, the resolution of the migration imaging results is low. The characteristic is that the deeper the structure, the lower the resolution.

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Embodiment 1

[0041] Such as figure 1 As shown, it is a flow chart of a pre-stack depth migration method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, consisting of figure 1 Visible, this method comprises the following steps:

[0042] Step S101: Obtain the pre-stack seismic data of the target work area.

[0043] Step S102: Eliminate the singular traces in the pre-stack seismic data to obtain the seismic data to be processed.

[0044] Step S103: Calculate the slowness table and the equivalent Q value table of each excitation point in the target work area according to the seismic data to be processed.

[0045] Step S104: Calculate the travel time table and the travel time Q ratio table according to the above-mentioned slowness table and the equivalent Q value table; the travel time table includes the shot point travel time table and the receiver point travel time table, and the travel time Q ratio table includes the shot point travel time Q ratio table and The travel time Q ratio tab...

Embodiment 2

[0049] Embodiment 2 of the present invention makes a more specific and detailed description of each step of the pre-stack depth migration method and its implementation measures. The specific content is as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Obtain the pre-stack seismic data of the target work area.

[0051] After the pre-stack seismic data are acquired, the seismic data are stored in different computing nodes of the cluster computer for further processing.

[0052] Step 2: Eliminate the singular traces in the pre-stack seismic data to obtain the seismic data to be processed.

[0053] At each computing node, the fast Fourier transform algorithm is applied to all the seismic trace cycles, and the Fourier transform is performed on the time series discrete signals of the seismic traces.

[0054] Assuming that the optimal number of time sampling points satisfying the Fast Fourier algorithm is M, if the number of seismic trace samples is less than M, a zero value needs to be added, Δτ is th...

Embodiment 3

[0101] The embodiment of the present invention provides another pre-stack depth migration method. On the basis of the first and second embodiments above, the method also calls the pre-stack seismic The data distribution algorithm stores the pre-stack seismic data to different computing nodes according to the load balancing rules. The specific implementation of the pre-stack seismic data allocation algorithm will be described below.

[0102] First of all, the above pre-stack seismic data allocation algorithm is an algorithm that combines virtual allocation and actual allocation of pre-stack seismic data. Moreover, the load balancing rule is to make the number of seismic channels contained in the seismic data of different offset groups allocated by the GPU card on the computing node as balanced as possible.

[0103] Suppose the maximum offset of seismic data is h max, the minimum offset is h min , after specifying the offset sampling interval Δh, the seismic trace migration r...

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Abstract

The invention provides a prestack depth migration method and device, and relates to the technical field of seismic exploration. The prestack depth migration method comprises the steps that prestack earthquake data of a target working area are obtained; a singular trace in the prestack seismic data is removed to obtain to-be-processed seismic data; a slowness table and an equivalent Q value table are calculated according to the to-be-processed seismic data; according to the slowness table and the equivalent Q value table, a travel time table and a travel time Q ratio table are calculated, wherein the travel time table comprises a shot point travel time table and a detection point travel time table, and the travel time Q ratio table comprises a shot point travel time Q ratio table and a detection point travel time Q ratio table; and deflection hole diameters of all preset imaging points are read, and according to the travel time table, the travel time table and the deflection hole diameters, the deflection amplitudes of different deflection distances corresponding to all the imaging points of the target working area are calculated. According to the prestack depth migration method anddevice, the resolution ability of seismic reflection data to the underground structure can be improved, and the important application value on oil and gas and mineral resource exploration of deep andultra-deep complex structures is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a pre-stack depth migration method and device. Background technique [0002] During the propagation of seismic waves, part of the energy is converted into heat energy, and the amplitude of the corresponding seismic waves will have an attenuation effect. This process is called absorption. The attenuation of the amplitude is different for different frequency components of the seismic wave. The higher the frequency, the stronger the attenuation. This is because the wavelength of the high-frequency component is shorter than that of the high-frequency component. For a fixed propagation distance, it is equivalent to the low-frequency component There are fewer wavelengths, but it is equivalent to many wavelengths of high-frequency components, and the degree of energy loss is fixed for each wavelength that the seismic wave travels. This also leads to the effective frequency ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01V1/36G01V1/28
Inventor 刘礼农刘伟张剑锋
Owner INST OF GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI