Proton exchange membrane fuel cell low-temperature cold start box capable of realizing uniform heating and control method thereof

A proton exchange membrane and fuel cell technology, applied in fuel cells, fuel cell additives, fuel cell heat exchange, etc., can solve the problem of unimproved stack temperature uniformity, inability of reactants to fully react, and long time required for cold start To achieve the effect of improving battery temperature consistency, shortening cold start time, and good heating effect

Active Publication Date: 2020-05-08

JIANGSU UNIV

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AI-Extracted Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Due to the need to transport protons, the proton exchange membrane has a certain humidity, and the water generated by the chemical reaction in the battery remains at the cathode. In a low temperature environment, the residual water of the proton exchange membrane and the residual water of the cathode condense into ice, resulting in the inability of the reactants to fully react. , the phenomenon that the battery cannot be...

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Method used

In step 4 of the present application, the rotating speed of the motor can be controlled according to the temperature distribution inside the fuel cell, that is, the moving speed of the control electrode, and the rotating speed of the threaded rod 4 can be adjusted to ensure that the internal temperature of the fuel cell is uniform during...

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Abstract

The invention provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell low-temperature cold start box capable of realizing uniform heating and a control method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell low-temperature cold start box. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell low-temperature cold start box structurally comprises: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack supporting box body, two ends of which need to be provided with end plates for fixing and bearing cells; two resistance plates arranged at the bottom of the supporting box body, wherein sliding grooves are formed in one ends of the two resistance plates and used for electrifying and heating the fuel cell stack; a movable electrode with a threaded hole, wherein one end of the movable electrode is supported in the sliding groove of the resistance plate, and the movable electrode is used for being connected with a power supply and can move; and a threaded rod, wherein one end of the threaded rod is connected with the motor, and the threaded rod is rotatable and can move the electrode matched with the threaded rod. The end, close to the pile end cover, of the resistance plate and the electrodes are connected with the two electrodesof the power source respectively to form a loop, and due to the fact that the electrodes are movable, a heating area can be changed. The method has the advantages that the temperature uniformity of the galvanic pile can be realized during cold start of the galvanic pile, and the energy consumption for heating is low.

Application Domain

Fuel cell heat exchange

Technology Topic

EngineeringElectrical and Electronics engineering +4

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Examples

Experimental program(1)

Example Embodiment

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a low-temperature cold start box of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that realizes uniform heating and a control method thereof, which are used for low-temperature start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and can ensure that the fuel cell starts quickly in a low-temperature environment, and Achieve uniform heating of the stack.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.

[0037] Such as figure 1 , figure 2 , image 3 As shown, the low-temperature cold-start box of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that realizes uniform heating and its control method according to the present invention include: stack support box 1, heating resistance plate A3, heating resistance plate B6, movable Electrode A7, movable electrode B8, threaded rod 4, silicone rubber material 9.

[0038] The stack support box 1 is used for placing fuel cell sheets, and the cell sheets are stacked and connected in series and parallel. The front and rear plates are installed at both ends of the box body, and the two end plates are used to compress the fuel cell sheet. Temperature sensors are placed in the stack support box 1 to detect the temperature of battery cells at different positions. There are 8 threaded holes distributed at the bottom for connecting and fixing with two resistance boards. The material supporting the box is insulated and has good thermal conductivity.

[0039] At the same time, the heating resistance board A 3 and the heating resistance board B 6 are connected and fixed to the stack support box. The two resistance boards are located at the bottom of the support box and have the same structure. Heating resistance board A 3, heating resistance board B 6 has a chute at one end, and 4 threaded holes are respectively left on the board for connecting and fixing with the box. The heating resistance board A 3 and the heating resistance board B6 are coated with insulating materials except for the surface of the chute.

[0040] At the same time, the moving electrode A 7 and the moving electrode B 8 used have one end stuck in the sliding groove of the heating resistance plate A 3 and the heating resistance plate B 6, and the other end has a threaded hole through it, and the threads on the two moving electrodes The direction of rotation is opposite. The moving electrode A7 and the moving electrode B7 are matched with the threaded rod 9 through the threaded hole, and the initial positions of the two electrodes are located near the middle of the stack. The threaded rod 9 is made of insulating material. One end of the threaded rod is connected with a motor to drive it to rotate. Since the thread of the moving electrode A 3 and the moving electrode B 6 are opposite, when the threaded rod 9 rotates, the moving electrode A 7 and the moving electrode B 8 Move in the opposite direction. And the mobile electrode A 7 and the heating resistor plate A 3 are connected to the power source poles by one end of the stack end plate, and the mobile electrode B 8 and the heating resistor plate B 6 are connected to the power source poles by one end of the stack end plate to form two circuits.

[0041] Combined with the box structure system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, such as Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides the following control methods:

[0042] The battery management system detects battery cell temperature data at different locations through temperature sensors, and determines whether the battery temperature reaches the freezing point, thereby determining the area that needs to be heated, and controlling the current in the heating loop, and adjusting the threaded rod by controlling the motor speed 4 and the moving speed of moving electrode A 7, moving electrode B 8.

[0043] The low-temperature cold start method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the present invention includes the following steps. Such as Figure 5 Shown.

[0044] Step 1: When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cannot start normally, enter the cold start procedure. The two circuits for heating are connected to the power supply, heating resistance plate A 3, heating resistance plate B 6 start to heat the stack.

[0045] Step 2: The battery management system detects the temperature data of the battery slices at different locations through the temperature sensor, and judges whether the battery temperature in the middle of the stack reaches the freezing point.

[0046] Step 3: The battery management system judges whether the battery temperature in the middle position reaches the freezing point according to the temperature data. If the battery temperature in the middle position does not reach the freezing point, return to step 1 and continue to heat the stack. If the battery temperature in the middle position reaches the freezing point, go to step 4.

[0047] Step 4: The battery management system controls the motor to rotate, and the threaded rod 4 rotates. Since the threaded holes on the moving electrode A7 and the moving electrode B8 rotate in opposite directions, they move to both ends of the stack.

[0048] Step 5: The battery management system judges whether the mobile electrode A 7 and the mobile electrode B 8 have reached the limit position. If the limit position is not reached, return to step 2. If it reaches the limit position, proceed to step 6.

[0049] Step 6: Heating resistance board A 3. Heating resistance board B 6 is disconnected from the power supply, and heating is stopped. The battery management system controls the motor to rotate in the opposite direction, and the threaded rod 4 rotates in the opposite direction to return the moving electrode A 7 and the moving electrode B 8 to the initial positions. The low-temperature cold start process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell ends.

[0050] In the patent of the present invention, a temperature detection device (such as a thermometer) arranged inside the fuel cell can be used to monitor and measure the temperature at different positions of the fuel cell stack, and statistically feedback the temperature information to the battery management system. A plurality of thin-film ntc temperature sensors are arranged in the stack in the present application, which are arranged in the central position between adjacent battery cells from the left side to the right side of the battery box to detect the temperature of the central position of the battery cells. A temperature sensor is arranged outside the stack support box to detect the ambient temperature outside the support box. The temperature collector collects the electrical signal output by the temperature sensor, converts it into a digital signal, and provides it to the battery management system. The battery management system is connected to the temperature collector to control the sampling frequency and timing of the temperature collector, and receives and stores the signal from the temperature collector. From this, the temperature of the battery cells at different positions of the stack can be obtained. If the temperature of the cell is low At 0 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the monomer is determined to be below the freezing point.

[0051] In the patent of the present invention, during the cold start phase of the stack, the battery cells at both ends of the stack are in direct contact with the external environment, more heat is lost, and the temperature rise is slower, while the temperature rise of the battery cells in the middle of the stack Faster, so the initial position of the movable electrode is in the middle. The cell temperature at different positions of the stack is used as the basis for judging whether the movable electrode is moving. The movable electrode must meet the conditions to move to both ends:

[0052] (1) The temperature of the battery cell at the corresponding position of the movable electrode exceeds 0 degrees Celsius;

[0053] (2) The number of battery cells with a temperature higher than 0 degrees Celsius in a single heating zone exceeds 10% of the total number of cells in the stack.

[0054] In the patent of the invention, the battery management system can adjust the current in the heating loop according to the ambient temperature where the stack is located.

[0055] In step 1 of this application, the time for each implementation of step 1 can be preset according to the power of the fuel cell, the flow rate of the reaction gas inside the battery, the electrode reaction stoichiometric ratio, etc., and the electrode A 7 and the electrode B 8 are moved when heated. still. When the time is reached, the step 1 is stopped and the step 2 is started.

[0056] In step 4 of the present application, the rotation speed of the motor can be controlled according to the temperature distribution inside the fuel cell, that is, the moving speed of the electrode can be controlled, and the rotation speed of the threaded rod 4 can be adjusted to ensure a uniform temperature inside the fuel cell during heating. At the same time, the battery management system judges the positions of the mobile electrode A 7 and the mobile electrode B 8 according to the rotation of the motor, obtains the current heating stack area, and adjusts the current of the heating circuit in combination with the ambient temperature to shorten the cold start time.

[0057] In step 6 of this application, if the mobile electrode A 7 and the mobile electrode B 8 reach the limit position of the chute, set a certain heating time again. After the heating is completed, the electrode returns to the initial position to ensure the successful cold start of the cells at both ends of the stack .

[0058] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present invention provide a low-temperature cold start box for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that realizes uniform heating and a control method thereof, shorten the cold start time of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and improve the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The heat balance at startup can avoid overheating the fuel cell unit and improve the battery performance.

[0059] In summary, the present invention provides a low-temperature cold start box for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that realizes uniform heating and a control method thereof. The structure includes a stack support box for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and end plates are required to be installed at both ends. Used for cell fixation and load-bearing; two resistance plates set at the bottom of the support box, one end of which is equipped with a sliding groove for heating the fuel cell stack; a movable electrode with a threaded hole, one end is supported on the resistor In the plate chute, it is used to connect with the power supply and is movable; one end of the threaded rod is connected with the motor, which can rotate, and can realize the movement of the matched electrode. In the present invention, the resistance plate is connected to the two poles of the power source by one end of the stack end cover and the set electrode respectively to form a loop. Since the electrode is movable, the heating area can be changed. The advantages of the invention are that the uniformity of the temperature of the stack can be realized when the stack is cold-started, and the heating energy is less.

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Classification and recommendation of technical efficacy words

Good heating effect
Reduced cold start time

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell low-temperature cold start box capable of realizing uniform heating and control method thereof

AI-Extracted Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Method used

Abstract

Image

Examples

Example Embodiment

PUM

Description & Claims & Application Information

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