Heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and hydrogenation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and a hydrogenation method. The reactor comprises a reactor outer cylinder, an inner cylinder I and an inner cylinder II, the inner cylinder I and the inner cylinder II are arranged in the axial direction of the reactor, the cross sectional area of the inner cylinder I is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the cross sectional area of the inner cylinder II is gradually increased from top to bottom; an annular space is formed among the inner cylinder I, the inner cylinder II and the reactor outer cylinder body; wherein the inner cylinder I is filled with a hydrogenation catalyst I, the annular space is filled with a hydrogenation catalyst II, and the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst I is higher than that of the hydrogenation catalyst II. The viscosity of the material is reduced through the viscosity reduction assembly arranged in the inner cylinder II, and then the material sequentially passes through the inner cylinder I and the annular space to generate hydrogenation reaction, so that the mass transfer process driving force and reaction rate of heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation reaction are improved, the contact time of the reaction material and different active catalysts is controlled, and catalyst surface coking is slowed down; the deep cracking reaction of the light oil is reduced, and the liquid yield and the heavy impurity removal conversion rate in the heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation reaction process are improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and in particular relates to a heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and a hydrogenation method. Background technique [0002] With the hydrogenation of crude oil becoming heavier and inferior, the composition of crude oil is getting heavier, that is, the proportion of heavy crude oil is getting higher and higher. Therefore, the progress of heavy oil hydroprocessing technology has become a key point in the research of hydrogenation process. one. Heavy oil hydrogenation reactors are divided into various types, such as fixed bed hydrogenation reactors, suspension bed hydrogenation reactors, ebullating bed hydrogenation reactors, etc. Fixed bed hydrogenation reactors are the most widely used. The bed reactor can handle various types of heavy oil products, and has shown unique advantages in the process of oil hydrogenation, such as low-quality oil residues and coal liquefied oils, which are prone to ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the following problems still exist in the heavy oil liquid-phase hydrogenation hydrogenation reactor and the reaction process: (1) The heavy oil has a high viscosity and the hydrogen oil mass transfer rate is low, resulting in a low reaction rate; (2) The reaction residence time in the heavy oil hydrogenation process Difficult to control, short residence time cannot reach the required depth of reaction, and long reaction residence time, side reactions or cracking and serious problems of catalyst coking

[0008] In summary, most of the heavy oil hydro

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