Method of treating diabetes mellitus in a patient

Abstract

Dosages of inhaled insulin are controlled within a narrow range by controlling the total volume of air inhaled by a patient By repeatedly delivering aerosolized insulin with the same total inhaled volume of air, the amount of insulin delivered to the patient each time is consistent. A device for delivering insulin by inhalation is disclosed which device comprises a means for measuring inhaled volume and for halting inhalation at a pre-determined point. The device also comprises an adjustable means for applying various amounts of force to a container of formulation to expel different amounts of drug from the container based on the force applied.

Description

[0001] This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09 / 848774, filed May 3, 2001, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09 / 686,212, filed Oct. 10, 2000 which is continuation of application Ser. No. 09 / 378,638, filed Aug. 20, 1999, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,167,880 on Jan. 2, 2001 which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09 / 160,909, filed Sep. 25, 1998 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,941,240 on Aug. 24, 1999, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08 / 846,243 filed Apr. 25, 1997 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,884,620 on Mar. 23, 1999, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08 / 754,423 filed Nov. 22, 1996 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,250 on Apr. 28, 1998, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08 / 549,343, filed on Oct. 27, 1995 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,378 on Jun. 29, 1999, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08 / 331,056, filed on Oct. 28, 1994 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,581 on Sep. 30, 1997...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0023] An advantage of the present invention is that the methodology allows the administration of smaller doses of insulin by a convenient and painless route, thus decreasing the probability of insulin overdosing and increasing the probability of safely maintaining desired serum glucose levels.

[0024] Another advantage of the present invention is that the methodology and device can be readily used in public without the disturbing effects associated with publicly administering a drug by injection.

[0025] A feature of the present invention is that the device can be programmed for the patient to use the method while taking into account the particular needs of individual patients.

[0026] Another feature is that the device can be individually programmed based on the lung volume of the particular patient being treated.

[0027] Another feature of the device of the present invention is that it may be programmed to provide variable dosing so that different doses are delivered to the patient at different times of the day coordinated with meals and / or other factors important to maintain proper serum glucose levels with the particular patient.

[0028] Another feature of the invention is that the portable, hand-held inhalation device of the invention can be used in combination with a portable device for measuring serum glucose levels in order to closely monitor and titrate dosing based on actual glucose levels.

Problems solved by technology

No satisfactory method of orally administering insulin has been developed.

The lack of such an oral delivery formulation for insulin creates a problem in that the administration of drugs by injection can be both psychologically and physically painful.

In that diabetes is a chronic disease which must be continuously treated by the administration of insulin and in that mucosal irritation tends to increase with repeated exposures to the membrane penetration enhancers, efforts at developing a non-invasive means of administering insulin via nasal administration have not been commercialized.

However, he comments that “the poor reproducibility of the inhaled dose [of insulin] was always the reason for terminating these experiments.” This is an important point in that the lack of precise reproducibility with respect to the administration of insulin is critical.

The problems associated with the inefficient administration of insulin cannot be compensated for by administering excess amounts of the drug in that the accidental administration of too much insulin could be fatal.

Variations in dosing of 10-fold are clearly unacceptable with respect to the administration of most drugs, and in particular, with respect to the administration of insulin.

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