Surface stimulation for tremor control

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for non-invasive electrical stimulation of the brain through skin surface stimulation of the peripheral nervous system as a treatment for movement disorders. Skin surface electrodes are positioned at predetermined peripheral surface stimulation sites on the skin surface using a variety of neural imaging techniques. A pulsatile electrical current is generated at the stimulation sites through a variety of standard electrical stimulation devices. Stimulation of the peripheral surface stimulation sites translates to electrical stimulation of a specific area of the brain.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application is a continuation of the U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 717,925, filed Nov. 23, 2003, which claims priority to Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 428,281, filed Nov. 22, 2002, whose disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present disclosure.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention is generally related to tremor control, and more particularly, is related to an apparatus and methods for the electrical stimulation of the brain through skin surface stimulation of the peripheral nervous system for the treatment of movement disorders. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] In the last decade, the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated dramatic improvement in symptoms associated with movement disorders, including symptoms from Parkinson's disease (PD), Essential Tremor (ET) and dystonia. [0004] Essential Tremor is an involuntary movement, such as a shaking movement t...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013] Digital signal processors (DSPs) are used for improving the accuracy and reliability of digital signals that are used extensively in the communications field. Digital signal processing works by standardizing or clarifying the output of a digital signal. In this embodiment, the digital signal processor is used to shape multiple pulsatile waveforms to approximate the output of a sine-wave generator. In another embodiment of the invention, the digital signal processor is replaced with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A FPGA is an integrated circuit that can be programmed in the field after it is manufactured and therefore allows users to adjust the circuit output as the needs change. Both the DSP and the FPGA process a digital signal into a pseudo-sine-wave current waveform from the digital pulses generated by a pulse generator. The pseudo-sine-wave current waveform is transmitted through surface electrodes at a targeted area creating an interferential current.

Problems solved by technology

It causes shaking that is most noticeable when a person is performing a task like lifting a cup or pointing at an object.

The challenge of DBS is the obvious drawback of having to undergo a neuro-surgical procedure and also to have the result of one or two electrodes implanted deep within the structures of the brain.

Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies associated with a neuro-surgical procedure and the implantation of at least one electrode deep within the structures of the brain.

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