Centralized selection of peers as media data sources in a dispersed peer network

Abstract

A hierarchical content distribution system includes a seeding server, a plurality of geographically distributed content platforms, and a distribution controller, all interconnected by a communications network. The seeding server initially receives content files for distribution to various content platforms that provide for the persistent storage of the content files. Each content platform includes a content file server responsive on-demand to requests for the transfer of content files. The distribution controller autonomously monitors the transfers of content files and selectively issues transfer directives to the content platforms to modify the distribution of content files among the content platforms. The content file servers respond to received transfer directives by issuing requests for the transfer of the directive identified content files, thereby conforming the specific distribution of content files to an optimal distribution pattern as determined by the distribution controller based on usage patterns.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a Divisional Application of prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 349,622, filed Jan. 23, 2003; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 132,964, filed Apr. 26, 2002, now abandoned; all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]The present invention is generally related to network based content delivery systems and, in particular, to a streaming media content delivery system supporting multiple, concurrent, peer-based sources of multimedia content accessible subject to central mediation.[0004]2. Description of the Related Art[0005]The desire for high-quality, on-demand delivery of streaming multimedia and other rich digital content is a principal driving force in the continued development of the broadband Internet infrastructure. Indeed, with the growth of broadband connections, the number, scale, and divers...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0015]An advantage of the present invention is that content is redundantly distributed in the form of discrete segments throughout a peer storage network, permitting retrieval of segments on a best quality-of-service basis determined relative to each computer system that requests a streaming media content file. Multi-source segmented delivery of content also distributes the transport load over multiple content sources while ensuring the availability of multiple sources for all segments. The perceived quality-of-service is both increased and reliably maintained.

[0016]Another advantage of the present invention is that centralized mediation of segmented file transfers permits strategic planning of the ongoing segmented file transfer load distribution. Central mediation combined with distributed segments file storage enables the aggregate bandwidth of the content distribution network to be optimally utilized. The complexity and cost of the central content mediation system, including the scale of the network access connections to accommodate worst case usage requirements, are greatly reduced.

[0017]A further advantage of the present invention is that the mediation system can perform predictive seeding of the content delivery network and adaptive modification of segment distribution in response to changing content file demands. Historical demand patterns, peer node availability and bandwidth capabilities can be used to guide the strategic distribution of content segments throughout the content delivery network. Planned, periodic updates of the content distribution network segment caches can be used to pre-deliver content segments to multiple strategically selected network caches during off-hours; thus minimizing both seeding and subsequent end-user demand spikes.

[0018]Still another advantage of the present invention is that the content distribution network can include a multi-tiered hierarchy of content segment caches, including peer cache nodes, primary content distribution nodes, and seeding servers. Reliable access to content segments is ensured by wide distribution of the content segments within the segment cache storage tiers and across multiple tiers.

[0019]Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the central mediation system can be persistently connected to and monitor the state of the available, active peer nodes of the content distribution network. Changes in the availability and supported bandwidth of nodes within the content distribution network are dynamically detected and factored into the ongoing tactical utilization of the content distribution network as mediated by the central server system.

[0020]Still another advantage of the present invention is that the distribution of content segments is actively maintained by the mediation server system. The distribution of content segments within the content delivery network, which is continuously subject to redistribution as a consequence of content use requests, is tracked and managed by the mediation server system to strategically adapt the distribution pattern to optimally match demand patterns.

Problems solved by technology

Despite the growth in interest and use, conventional content streaming systems have not been cost effective or particularly reliable in delivering high-quality content.

Streaming media content, including in particular high-quality audio and video, is naturally bandwidth intensive and fundamentally sensitive to varying delivery latencies.

Whether due to transient transport overloads, functional interruptions in the network infrastructure, or bandwidth limitations of a content source site, the result is uniformly perceived by a recipient as a reduction in the quality of service of the content source site.

Because of the open and shared nature of the Internet, few practical mechanisms can ensure the uninterrupted delivery of broadband content, typically consisting of multi-megabyte files, over the entire delivery path from a source site to a recipient.

Implementing a useful number of adequately scaled, geographically distributed edge caches requires a large capital infrastructure investment.

Unfortunately, conventional content delivery networks, including fully scaled content server systems and extensive edge cache networks, have not proven adequate to broadly ensure a high quality of service to all potential users of the systems.

Transient bandwidth bottlenecks can certainly occur anywhere beyond the scope of a conventional content delivery network.

Bottlenecks and delivery latencies can occur even with the network, particularly whenever the stream data is not immediately available in a locally accessible edge cache.

Such bottlenecks in the Internet infrastructure are unfortunately both common and unpredictable.

Transient bandwidth bottlenecks can also occur in within the content server system itself.

The rate of content access requests is highly variable with unpredictable demand peaks.

Whether due to network or server bottlenecks, the resulting latencies and gas in the delivery of stream data packets ultimately to the recipient are uniformly seen as source-site quality of service failures.

Expanding the conventional content distribution networks to prevent significant transient bandwidth bottlenecks is generally recognized as not practical.

Due to the size and diversity of the Internet and the growing demands for streaming content delivery, significantly expanding the edge cache network coverage and the capacity of all included edge caches and streaming media source sites is simply not cost-effective.

Furthermore, the costs associated with high-bandwidth Internet access and server throughput grow proportional to peak access demands, which is disproportionately greater than the growth of average access demands.

This additional bandwidth, however, is unused typically in excess of 90 percent of the time.

The capital and operating cost of this additional bandwidth is therefore not directly recoverable.

Consequently, content sites and the content delivery network operators have been severely limited in being able to consistently and profitably deliver streaming media content with a high quality of service.

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