Plant extracts and uses thereof in filter systems
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example i
Preparation of Extracts
[0049]Parenchyma Tissue Extract Preparation (PTE) from Spinach Leaves (Spinacia oleraceae)
[0050]The first step of the process involves the homogenization by mechanical pulverization. Leaves and needles of spinach were homogenized by mechanical pulverization at 4° C. The homogenization can be performed between 0° C. and 35° C., but most preferably under 4° C. to avoid any degradation of the tissue during the procedures. The tissue were homogenized in a homogenization buffer composed of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5 and 10 mM sodium chloride. Taking spinach as a reference plant, the wet weight ratio of plant leaf tissues (g) / volume of buffer (ml) was of about 1 / 2. When the plant source varies, the buffer volume varies accordingly as known in the art, based among other things, on the water content of the plant. The plant was mixed with the buffer and homogenized in a commercial blender for about 2 minutes in order to obtain PTE.
Mesophyll Cell Extract (MCE) Prepar...
example ii
Reduction of the Harmful Effect of Smoke on the Immune Response
[0052]Introduction of Buffer and Plant Extracts into the Cigarette Filter
[0053]PTE and MCE were introduced directly into the cigarette filter with a 3 ml syringe, 5 mm deep in the middle of the open surface of the filter, so as to saturate the filter with 0.8 ml of PTE, MCE or buffer. The treated filters were allowed to dry, by techniques known in the art, for 24 hours at room temperature before analysis.
Cigarette Smoke Extract
[0054]Commercial cigarettes with filters (Bailey's™, toxic emission / unit of tar and nicotine of 15-34 mg and 1.4-2.9 mg respectively) were used in this study. To mimic the average smoke puff, an all-glass impinger-30 (AGI-30) (CIE) filled with 20 ml of sterile PBS buffer with an air-flow of 12.5 l / min and a critical orifice of 15 μm was used. This apparatus mimics conditions allowing the smoke to reach the lungs [May Kr et al., 1957, Br. J. Ind. Med.; 14:287-297]. Two cigarettes were smoked (55 ml / ...
example iii
Effect of Plant Extract on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Cigarette Smoke
[0069]Concentration of heavy metals cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium and mercury was determined in the smoke of regular and king size cigarettes equipped with regular filters and with plant extract-containing filters. FIG. 5 shows that there is significant reduction in the concentration of heavy metals concentration in smoke from cigarettes equipped with a plant extract-containing filter when compared with the smoke from cigarettes equipped with a regular filter.
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Abstract
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