The invention relates to the field of transparent conductive films, in particular to a composite transparent conductive film based on plant veins and a preparation method thereof. The composite transparent conductive film is formed by compounding the plant veins and silver nanowires-MXene through a deposition method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) etching plant leaves with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, removing mesophyll cells, washing with deionized water, and drying to obtain a plant vein substrate; (2) flattening the plant vein base to obtain a flat plant vein base; (3) soaking in a silver nanowire ethanol solution, drying to obtain a silver nanowire conductive layer, soaking the veins of the obtained silver nanowire conductive layer in an MXene solution, and drying; and (4) flattening the silver nanowire-MXene conductive network veins transparent conductive film obtained in the step (3). The conductive film has the characteristics of high conductivity, high light transmittance, high adhesion, high durability, high flexibility, high mechanical stability and the like, and has a wide application prospect in electronic device.