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Cell

a cell and cell technology, applied in the field of cells, can solve the problems of reducing the efficacy of known immunotherapeutics, reducing tumor escape by modulation, and introducing significant challenges in designing effective treatment strategies, so as to avoid the problem of cancer escape, overcome the spatial problem, and improve the effect of therapeutic efficacy

Inactive Publication Date: 2016-10-13
AUTOLUS LIMIED
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This approach enhances the specificity and efficacy of T-cell activation by allowing T-cells to recognize and target cancer cells based on specific patterns of antigen expression, reducing the likelihood of tumour escape and improving therapeutic outcomes by simultaneously targeting multiple antigens.

Problems solved by technology

A particular problem in the field of oncology is provided by the Goldie-Coldman hypothesis: which describes that the sole targeting of a single antigen may result in tumour escape by modulation of said antigen due to the high mutation rate inherent in most cancers.
This modulation of antigen expression may reduce the efficacy of known immunotherapeutics.
This heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in designing effective treatment strategies.
It has been observed that using a CAR approach for cancer treatment, tumour heterogeneity and immunoediting can cause escape from CAR treatment.
The problem with this approach is that the juxta-membrane scFv may be inaccessible due to the presence of the distal scFv, especially which it is bound to the antigen.
In view of the need to choose the relative positions of the two scFvs in view of the spatial arrangement of the antigen on the target cell, it may not be possible to use this approach for all scFv binding pairs.
Moreover, it is unlikely that the TanCar approach could be used for more than two scFvs, a TanCAR with three or more scFvs would be a very large molecule and the scFvs may well fold back on each other, obscuring the antigen-binding sites.

Method used

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example 1

Creation of Target Cell Populations

[0362]For the purposes of proving the principle of the invention, receptors based on anti-CD19 and anti-CD33 were arbitrarily chosen. Using retroviral vectors, CD19 and CD33 were cloned. These proteins were truncated so that they do not signal and could be stably expressed for prolonged periods. Next, these vectors were used to transduce the SupT1 cell line either singly or doubly to establish cells negative for both antigen (the wild-type), positive for either and positive for both. The expression data are shown in FIG. 3.

example 2

Design and Function of the OR Gate

[0363]To construct the OR gate, a pair of receptors recognizing CD19 and CD33 were co-expressed. Different spacers were used to prevent cross-pairing. Both receptors had a trans-membrane domain derived from CD28 to improve surface stability and an endodomain derived from that of CD3 Zeta to provide a simple activating signal. In this way, a pair of independent 1st generation CARs were co-expressed. The retroviral vector cassette used to co-express the sequences utilizes a foot-and-mouth 2A self-cleaving peptide to allow co-expression 1:1 of both receptors. The cassette design is shown in FIG. 4, and the protein structures in FIG. 5. The nucleotide sequence of homologous regions was codon-wobbled to prevent recombination during retroviral vector reverse transcription.

example 3

Testing the OR Gate

[0364]Expression of both CARs was tested on the T-cell surface by staining with cognate antigen fused to Fc. By using different species of Fc domains (mouse for CD19 and rabbit for CD33), co-expression of both CARs was determined on the cell surface by staining with different secondary antibodies conjugated with different fluorophores. This is shown in FIG. 6.

[0365]Functional testing was then carried out using the mouse T-cell line BW5147. This cell line releases IL2 upon activation allowing a simple quantitative readout. These T-cells were co-cultured with increasing amounts of the artificial target cells described above. T-cells responded to target cells expressing either antigen, as shown by IL2 release measured by ELISA. Both CARs were shown to be expressed on the cell surfaces and the T-cells were shown to respond to either or both antigens. These data are show in FIG. 7.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a cell which co-expresses a first chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and second CAR at the cell surface, each CAR comprising : (i) an antigen-binding domain; (ii) a spacer (iii) a trans-membrane domain; and (iv) an endodomain wherein the antigen binding domains of the first and second CARs bind to different antigens, and wherein each of the first and second CARs is an activating CAR comprising an activating endodomain.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to a cell which comprises more than one chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). The cell may be capable of specifically recognising a target cell, due to a differential pattern of expression (or non-expression) of two or more antigens by the target cell.BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION[0002]A number of immunotherapeutic agents have been described for use in cancer treatment, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunoconjugated mAbs, radioconjugated mAbs and bi-specific T-cell engagers.[0003]Typically these immunotherapeutic agents target a single antigen: for instance, Rituximab targets CD20; Myelotarg targets CD33; and Alemtuzumab targets CD52.[0004]However, it is relatively rare for the presence (or absence) of a single antigen effectively to describe a cancer.[0005]A particular problem in the field of oncology is provided by the Goldie-Coldman hypothesis: which describes that the sole targeting of a single antigen may ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K35/17C12N5/0783C07K14/725C12N9/16C07K16/28C07K14/705
CPCA61K35/17C12N2510/00C07K14/70521C07K14/7051C07K14/70517C12N9/16C07K14/70589C12Y301/03048C12N5/0637C07K2319/74C07K2319/03C07K2317/622A61K38/00C07K2317/52C07K16/2803A61K39/464402A61K39/464412A61K39/4611A61K39/4631A61K39/464429C12N5/0638C12N5/0646C07K2319/01C07K2319/02C07K14/70503A61P31/00A61P31/12A61P35/00A61P35/02A61P37/02A61P37/06A61P37/08A61K2239/13C12N5/0636C12N15/86C12N2740/10043C12N2740/15043
Inventor PULE, MARTINKONG, KHAICORDOBA, SHAUN
Owner AUTOLUS LIMIED
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