The invention provides a data transmission method, a data receiving method, a data transmission device, a data receiving device, a base station and a terminal. The data transmission method comprises the following steps: obtaining predefined information; confirming whether executing the Listen Before Talk (LBT) mechanism before transmission or not according to the predefined information; and executing the LBT mechanism before a transmission device carries out transmission according to the predetermined transmission mode if the predefined information carries the LBT indicating information; or, executing non LBT predefined processing operation before a transmission device carries out the transmission according to the predetermined transmission mode if the predefined information does not carrythe LBT indicating information. Through the above steps, the signal in the beamforming system is processed separately by executing the LBT mechanism or executing the non LBT predefined process operation, therefore, the problem that the efficiency of the signal transmission is low in the beamforming system is solved.