The invention discloses a bridge structure health monitoring system based on big data. The bridge structure health monitoring system comprises a bridge detection module, a temporary data storage module, a cloud data transmission module, a server, a data analysis module, a remote inspection module, an alarm module, an external power supply module and a client. The bridge structure health monitoringsystem can perform real-time calculation, can know the health condition of a certain position of the bridge structure at any time, and is high in timeliness; according to the bridge structure healthmonitoring system, when a certain position of the bridge structure has a health condition, the corresponding crack lamp and the corresponding strain lamp can display corresponding colors, so that thehealth condition of the bridge structure is more intuitive and clearer; the bridge structure health monitoring system transmits the picture of the crack problem position of the bridge structure in real time, performs contour identification on the shadow part on the picture, and transmits the picture to the client, so that a user can know the crack condition and make a maintenance scheme in time, and the maintenance difficulty is reduced.