Multi-level heterogeneous wireless sensor network clustering routing method based on K-means clustering and ant colony optimization

Abstract

The invention provides a clustering routing protocol based on K-mean clustering and ant colony optimization (ACO), i.e., a K-mean clustering and ACO optimal routing (KCAOR) protocol. In multi-level heterogeneous wireless sensor network environment, the best cluster domain number in a monitoring region is determined by an optimal cluster first-number formula firstly, and nodes in a network are then naturally gathered into corresponding cluster domains through adoption of a K-means clustering method; a uniform optimization strategy of the cluster domains is provided, uniform distribution of network energy consumption is achieved, and cluster heads are voted according to residual energy values of the nodes in clusters then; multihop optimal routes between the cluster heads and base stations are determined through adoption of the ant colony optimization, and energy consumption between the cluster heads is balanced; and, in a tail cycle of data transmission, through increasement of node state packages, the base stations can master an operation condition of the network in real time, and optimization of the protocol is achieved. The energy consumption of the network can be effectively balanced, survival time is prolonged, and performance of the wireless sensor network is improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a network routing protocol, in particular to a wireless sensor network clustering routing method in a multi-level heterogeneous environment. Background technique [0002] Wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensor nodes and base stations randomly distributed in the monitoring area, and have been widely used in national defense security, industrial control, environmental monitoring, emergency rescue and scientific exploration, etc. Capability, communication capability, computing capability and initial energy can be divided into heterogeneous network and homogeneous network. Heterogeneous network is composed of nodes with different performances; homogeneous network is composed of nodes with the same performance. Sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries and mostly work in harsh environments or places where humans are not easy to reach, so the primary purpose of wireless ...

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Problems solved by technology

There are a large number of uncertain factors in the way of selecting cluster heads and establishing cluster domains through random numbers and predicted energy, which leads to unstable number of cluster heads and uneven distribution of cluster domains, which makes the network consume more energy and reduces the energy utilization of the network. Efficiency and Survival Time

[0008] 2) When the cluster head communicates with the base station, the single-hop method is used, which will cause the energy consumption of the cluster head far away from the base station to be too fast; some protocols use a multi-hop method, but due to inappropriate routing selection, it limits its ability to reduce energy consumption Effect

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