Rechargeable metal or metal-ion cell
a metal or metal-ion cell, cathode material technology, applied in cell components, positive electrodes, electrochemical generators, etc., can solve the problems of poor cyclability and low oxidation potential value, polypyrroles and polythiophenes generally possess unsatisfactory durability, and polypyrroles have poor cyclability and low oxidation potential values
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example i-1
Preparative Example I-1) of Comparison
Synthesis of 3,3′-dibromo-10H-methylphenothiazine III
[0142]
[0143]This compound was synthesized following procedures described in J-S. Kang, J-W. Park, J-H. Lee, S-Y. Oh / Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 462, 2007, 267-276; M. Veld / Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, 2005.
[0144]To compound II (2.0 g; 9.4 mmol) in 50 mL DMF cold solution, three molar equivalent of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (1.7 g; 28 mmol) were added. The solution was maintained at 5 to 10° C. for one hour, then, at room temperature during 12 hours until starting material has been completely converted (checked by TLC using dichloromethane / pentane 1 / 5 as eluent). Then, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the solid residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane / pentane 1 / 5 as eluent yielding to 3.3 g (yield 95%). The structure of compound III was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis.
[0145]
[0146]δ1H NMR: 3.29 (Hd, s, 3...
example i-2
Preparative Example I-2) of Comparison
Synthesis of 10H-ethylphenothiazine IV
[0150]
[0151]This compound was synthesized following procedures described in Y. S. Han, S. D. Kim, L. S. Park, D. U. Kim and Y. Kwon / Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry 41, 2003, 2502-2511.
[0152]To compound I (5.0 g; 25 mmol) in 250 mL DMSO solution, 2.5 molar equivalents of potassium hydroxide (3.613 g; 64 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred at room temperature (R.T) for 30 min before the addition of 1.1 molar equivalent of 1-bromoethane (2.08 mL; 27 mmol). After refluxing for 24 hours, the solution was cooled to room temperature. The solution was poured into 300 mL of water, the obtained precipitate was filtered and extracted by dichloromethane (4×50 mL) in the presence of water (150 mL). The collected organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. After purification by a silica gel column (eluent: pentane), the product was obtained as a light yellow ...
example i-3
Preparative Example I-3) of Comparison
Synthesis of 3,3′-dibromo-10H-ethylphenothiazine V
[0158]
[0159]The synthesis of V was carried out following procedure of preparative example I-1).
[0160]To compound IV (2.27 g; 10.0 mmol) in 100 mL freshly distilled DMF solution maintained at 5° C., 2.1 molar equivalent of NBS (3.78 g; 21.0 mmol) in 50 mL of freshly distilled DMF were added dropwise over a period of one hour. Then, the mixture was stirred at R.T for 12 hours until the starting material was completely converted (checked by TLC using ethyl acetate / hexane—1 / 5 as eluent). Then, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by a silica gel column using ethyl acetate / hexane 1 / 5 as eluent yielding to 3.14 g (8.1 mmol; 81%). The structure of compound V was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis.
[0161]
[0162]δ1H NMR: 1.29 (He, t, 3H, 3J=6.9 Hz); 3.91 (Hd, q, 2H, 3J=6.9 Hz); 6.77 (Ha, d, 2H, 3J=8.7 Hz); 7.16 (Hc, d, 2H, 4J=2.3 Hz); 7.23 (Hb...
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