The invention discloses a continuous production process of inorganic light aggregate thermal insulation mortar, comprising the following steps: stirring and mixing cement, flyash, inorganic filler and functional filler to obtain inorganic gelling powder, stirring and mixing the inorganic gelling powder with inorganic light aggregate to obtain the inorganic light aggregate thermal insulation mortar, and packaging the inorganic light aggregate thermal insulation mortar to obtain a finished product. The invention also discloses a production device of the inorganic light aggregate thermal insulation mortar, which is composed of an inorganic filler storage tank, a cement storage tank, a flyash storage tank, a functional filler storage tank, a primary metering stock bin, a material temporary storage bin, a primary stirring mixer, an inorganic gelling finished product bin, an inorganic gelling material finished product tank, a secondary metering stock bin, an inorganic light aggregate batchmeter, a secondary stirring mixer and a weighting packer. The invention simplifies the production operation method, is favor of production process management, lowers labor intensity, improves equipment and site utilization rate, reduces procedure dust pollution, is beneficial to accurate dosing and material delivery and unloading, and improves labor productivity.