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The present invention provides a method for calculating the expansion planning of cascade hydropower stations, which relates to the technical field of the expansion planning of hydropower stations. By judging whether each hydropower station in the cascade hydropower stations can be expanded, the expandable hydropower stations to be expanded are obtained and sorted according to the cascade. Taking the last expandable hydropower station planned for expansion as the iterative object, iteration is carried out. By using the regulating storage capacity, the average peak shaving hours in the dry season and the average annual peak shaving hours of the next-level hydropower station required by the iterative object, the number of expansion units of the iterative object is judged. In this way, all the expandable hydropower stations to be expanded are iterated to obtain the overall expansion capacity of the river, solving the problem that the existing calculation scheme for the expansion capacity of hydropower stations ignores the matching of cascade diverted flow and leads to water abandonment in the power station. The present invention is applicable to the expansion planning and design of cascade hydropower stations.