Low molecular weight graft copolymers
A technology of graft copolymer and low molecular weight, which is applied in the field of graft copolymer to achieve the effect of inhibiting scale formation and reducing scaling
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[0156] The following examples serve to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The breadth and scope of the present invention are limited only by the appended claims.
[0157] The molecular weights of all graft copolymers in the following examples were determined by aqueous gel permeation chromatography ("GPC") using a series of polyacrylic acid standards. The method uses NaN 3 0.05M Sodium Phosphate (0.025M NaH 2 PO 4 and 0.025M Na 2 HPO 4 ) as the mobile phase. The columns used in this method are: TSKgel PWxl Guard column, TSKgel; G6000PWxl, G4000PWxl, G3000PWxl, G2500PWxl set at a temperature of 32°C. The flow rate was 1 mL / min, and the injection volume was 450 μL. The instrument is calibrated by using five different polyacrylic acid standards injected at five different concentrations: PAA1K (2.0mg / mL), PAA5K (1.75mg / mL), PAA85K (1.25mg / mL), PAA495K (0.75mg / mL) mL), and PAA1700K (0.2 mg / mL), all commerciall...
Embodiment 1-
[0181] According to the low molecular weight copolymers of the present invention, high levels of FAS are used to produce lower molecular weight polymers.
[0182] The copolymer in Comparative Example 2 was replicated in the same manner, except that instead of 0.00075 grams of FAS, 0.075 grams of FAS was used (equivalent to 100 times the level of FAS used in Comparative Example 1, or 0.19 mmol of FAS and 400ppm (according to Fe moles / acrylic acid monomer moles)). The final product is a dark amber solution with a Gardner color value of 12. The number average molecular weight of the polymer was 5,265 as determined by the aqueous GPC method. This example illustrates that a higher level of Fe(II) (400 ppm instead of 4 ppm) is required to reduce molecular weight compared to Comparative Example 1 . However, this resulted in a darker colored material as evidenced by the Gardner color jump from 1 to 12.
Embodiment 2-
[0184] According to the low molecular weight copolymers of the present invention, high levels of FAS are used to produce lower molecular weight polymers
[0185]The copolymer in Comparative Example 1 above was replicated in the same manner, except that instead of 0.00075 grams of FAS, 0.75 grams of FAS was used (equivalent to 1,000 times the level of FAS used in Comparative Example 1, or 1.9 mmol of FAS and 4000ppm (according to moles of Fe / moles of acrylic acid monomer)). The final product was a very dark amber solution with a Gardner color value of 18. The number average molecular weight of the polymer was 5,380 as measured by the aqueous GPC method. (The Mn is within experimental error and may indicate the limit of low Mn achievable at elevated Fe levels.)
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