Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure of horizontal current in controllable regulation aluminum liquid

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure of horizontal current in controllable regulation aluminum liquid. A continuously or partially bulged cathode steel bar is used or a cushion material with high electric conductivity is cushioned at the partial position between a common rectangular steel bar and a cathode carbon block, so that the distribution and the size of the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be readjusted by the cathode structure. Structural parameters are determined by the cathode structure according to an actual groove-type design, the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be obviously reduced when the cathode structure is used in an aluminum electrolysis cell, and the distribution of the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can be optimized to prevent an area with higher horizontal current density from being superposed with an area having a larger vertical magnetic field, so that the effects of weakening the vertical fluctuation of the aluminum liquid and stabilizing the horizontal motion of a melt are achieved; therefore, electrolysis can be operated within a relatively short electrode distance, energy consumption can be reduced greatly, and the cathode structure is easy and convenient to process and is easy to realize.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of aluminum electrolytic cells, and in particular designs a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell that can controllably adjust the horizontal current in molten aluminum. Background technique [0002] The traditional Hall-Héroult aluminum electrolysis process has always been the only method for industrial aluminum smelting. In the traditional aluminum electrolytic cell, the current flows into the cell from the aluminum guide rod, and flows out from the side of the cell through the anode, electrolyte, aluminum liquid, cathode carbon block and steel rod. And the resistivity of the aluminum liquid is much smaller than that of the electrolyte and the cathode carbon block, so a large part of the current diversion occurs in the aluminum liquid layer, forming a horizontal current in the aluminum liquid. The horizontal current will not only significantly increase the vertical magnetic field, but also its Working ...

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Problems solved by technology

In the traditional aluminum electrolytic cell, the current flows into the cell from the aluminum guide rod, and flows out from the side of the cell through the anode, electrolyte, aluminum liquid, cathode carbon block and steel rod. And the resistivity of the aluminum liquid is much smaller than that of the electrolyte and the cathode carbon block, so a large part of the current diversion occurs in the aluminum liquid layer, forming a horizontal current in the aluminum liquid. The horizontal current will not only significantly increase the vertical magnetic field, but also its Work together with the vertical magnetic field to affect the stability of the magnetic fluid in the slot

In the cathode structure of the traditional aluminum electrolytic cell, the carbon blocks and steel rods are all horizontal structures, and the effect of the pressure drop in the horizontal direction of the aluminum liquid on the horizontal current is not considered, so there will be a large horizontal current in the aluminum liquid, and the excessive Large horizontal currents cause excessive electromagnetic force, which in turn causes violent fluctuations of the aluminum liquid and severe deformation of the electrolyte-aluminum liquid interface. The electrolysis process must be carried out under relatively high pole distance conditions, which causes a large amount of useless energy consumption

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