Method and device for processing metal materials with cryogenic laser shock

Abstract

A method and a device for processing metal materials with cryogenic laser shock belong to the fields of laser processing and subzero treatment. The device comprises a cryogenic treatment cavity, a laser, a liquid nitrogen tank, a temperature sensor and the like. The method is used for strengthening the materials in an ultra-low temperature environment by adopting the laser shock processing technology, insulating the materials for a period after the strengthening process, and heating the materials to be as hot as the ambient temperature. In the ultra-low temperature environment, the metal materials shrink, and a large quantity of dislocation is generated in the materials; due to the instant impact effect of the laser shock processing technology, the high-density dislocation in the materials moves at a high speed, so as to induce high-density nano twin crystal, which ensures that the materials have superior tenacity as well as high intensity, and brittle failure of the metal materials in the low-temperature environment can be avoided effectively; and a large quantity of nano educt is dissolved out from the materials, and the conversion of residual austenite as well as the thinning of martensite and crystal can be promoted effectively, which remarkably improves the mechanical properties and the mechanical properties of the materials.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of cold treatment and laser processing, in particular to an application method and device for laser shock strengthening of metal materials in an ultra-low temperature environment. Background technique [0002] With the continuous development of the economy, the demand for energy in countries around the world is increasing, the consumption of oil and natural gas is increasing rapidly, and related industries such as oil and gas exploration, drilling, transportation, and processing are developing rapidly. The equipment metal materials used in these industries basically need to be used in low temperature environment (below -50°C), and general metal materials will be brittle in low temperature environment, such as steel, etc., which requires metal materials to have good toughness characteristics. In order to improve the performance of metal materials, various strengthening methods have emerged. Traditional metal materi...

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Problems solved by technology

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device capable of forming high-density nano-twins and nano-precipitates inside the metal material, to overcome the current laser shock strengthening at room temperature The strengthening effect of material technology is only limited to the surface layer of the material and cannot be applied to a lower temperature environment. Tensile stress is generated in the core of the material and the non-impact area, the distribution of residual compressive stress is uneven, and the strength and toughness of the material cannot be solved. Single cryogenic strengthening The treatment cannot be applied to all metal materials, the toughness of the material cannot be significantly improved, and the material cannot be used in an ultra-low temperature environment for a long time. A new and effective method of strengthening materials is provided, and the impact effect of laser shock strengthening is applied in an ultra-low temperature environment to significantly improve the toughness of metal materials. performance, to solve the problem of strengthening and toughening metal materials, so that metal materials can meet the requirements of use in ultra-low temperature environments, and further improve the application of laser shock strengthening technology

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